0:00these companies statements suspecting a marketing stunt. I understand the distrust, but let me be clear. These AI behaviors are well documented and validated by many independent experts, not just with the events of the summer. The dangers are real and imminent. Although the future remains uncertain and debated, the severity of these risks is extraordinary.
0:32Citizens and governments should not accept the company's claim that they are trapped in a race. The race is not a law of nature. It is the product of choices. Choices made by the companies themselves. It is also a race where everyone loses. They've told us they would slow down if they could.
0:58However, we shouldn't count on it. Decisions about this technology are being made by a small group in a handful of countries. Our future, all of us, our future is at stake. Decisions that affect us all should be made by us all. The choice is still ours, but we must act now to correct the trajectory. I'm encouraged by this week's statements by the UN Secretary General and leaders of many countries calling for control of frontier AI.
1:39International cooperation is what the world needs in the face of three global threats from advances in these frontier models. First, catastrophic misuse, for example, by terrorists. Second, power concentration. And third, loss of control of AI. We must agree collectively that no one, no company, and no country should develop an AI system that could cause largecale harm. Developers must demonstrate to independent experts that a system is safe to train and safe to deploy.
2:20They must monitor and report all security incidents. Frontier AI should be licensed like other critical technologies in medicine, aviation and nuclear energy to incentivize safe development. As in these domains, liability insurance should be required. The companies developing and hosting frontier systems must prove to the public that their products will not be dangerous.
2:51More and more people are rightly worried about recent advances in AI. We must channel that concern into productive action. As with other worldchanging technologies, we can shape the outcome. I'm confident we can create AI that demonstrabably remains under our control and supports human joy and endeavor. I'm working toward that goal. It's an urgent mission for humanity.
3:24Today, a handful of companies and countries are acting in their self-interest by taking reckless risks with humanity's fate. It's alarming, yes, but it is not inevitable. There are ways to fix this. First, we need true scientific independence from the companies which must be held accountable. This includes a common definition of AI incidents and a shared reporting mechanism.
3:56Second, we must move from concentrated power toward real global dialogue on how this technology is developed for the public good. Third, we must work together on technical solutions that make AI safe by design, guaranteed by international agreements. I know trust within this council is fragile, but I also know this, the race threatens every nation. I often describe our situation as a car speeding blindly into dense fog.
4:39Beside me in that car are my children and my grandson. I worry about them. I worry about their future. I'm no different from any other parent or grandparent. A mother in Shanghai wants her sons to grow up in a world where AI improves their lives, not endomines them. A father in Chicago wants his daughters to thrive because of AI, not to suffer its harms. Our hopes and concerns are the same in every nation.
5:18Humanity has summoned the courage and wisdom to manage catastrophic risk.
7:41as much as it can be this tool of unprecedented discovery and innovation. On the other hand, as AI systems become more capable and more autonomous, they could move faster than our institutions, concentrate power in two too few hands, or make decisions that people no longer understand or control. That concern becomes especially important as we approach systems that can improve themselves and future versions of themselves, often called recursive self-improvement.
8:11As the process of building AI becomes more automated, the pace of AI progress could accelerate rapidly. This moment calls for extreme care. I largely agree with Professor Benjio uh although I'll say two instead of three. I believe there are two ways that AI progress could go very badly that we have to avoid. First, we could lose control of the future to AI.
8:34The risk is that it moves so fast that people can no longer follow what's happening or intervene when needed. This would obviously be terrible. The industry must not accept too much technological risk just because the benefits are too great and that they feel too important to slow down. Beating companies in competitive race is not a reason to make rash decisions. Nor do we believe we are locked in a race where we are unable to do that. We have unilaterally slowed down in the past. We will do so in the future. We do not want to build systems. We think it's important that everyone avoids building systems where we cannot make the
9:04alignment, monitor, and safety guarantees that we must. We need to understand what these systems are doing and have strong evidence that they will do what people intend even as they get very very smart. Actually, especially as they get very very smart. It doesn't matter whether people put the risk of catastrophe at 10% or 1% or 12% or.1%.
9:23None of these levels are remotely acceptable and we should not train models that we cannot make an extremely strong case that we'll be able to keep under human control. So that's one way things can go wrong. In the other direction, these systems could concentrate too much power in too few hands. No one person or company or country should be able to use the most powerful AI models to impose their worldview on everyone else. A company or country that believes only it can be trusted with this technology can use that belief to justify almost anything
9:53else. We have to reject that logic even when it's convenient for any one actor.
9:58I believe there is a pragmatic path through both of these. At OpenAI, we approach these questions with a clear goal. AI should give people more power over their own lives, more freedom to live lives the way they want, more ability to solve problems, big or small, and to improve their communities. We don't want to fall into the trap of blind optimism. We also don't want to fall into the trap of dumerism either.
10:20Getting pulled into either extreme will not help us successfully figure out the challenges in front of us. Especially at a time when the world and its people face such enormous challenges that this technology can help solve. So we try to walk the middle path between these two poles. For us, that means three principles. First, as AI becomes more capable, people must remain at the center of AI decision-m alignment is not an abstract research question. It is the work of ensuring that these systems
10:49reliably remain under human control, reflect human values, and help people guide the next stages of development. We are not trying to and must not automate human judgment or human values. Second, the benefits of scientific progress and economic growth must be by people and for people. AI should help researchers make discoveries, doctors treat patients, teachers teach students, entrepreneurs start companies, communities solve problems that felt out of reach, and much more. The continuous story of human progress is not that
11:18tools replace human agency. It is that the right tools make people more capable. And I believe this is going to go much further than we believe possible. Third, this technology must empower people individually. A great future will come from people realizing their potential and building value for themselves, their communities, their countries, and the broader world. We might be the builders, one of the builders of this technology, but we are not the heroes of the story. Our role is to enable people all over the world and to trust in the magic of humanity's
11:47skill and faculties.
11:50We now have models capable of discovering knowledge that we have never had before. Consider the progress we've seen in math. Three summers ago, our models were okay at grade school math.
12:00Two summers ago, they were pretty good at high school math competitions. Last summer, we reached gold a gold level medal in the most prestigious international math competition. And just a few weeks ago, this summer, one of our models solved one of the Millennium Prize problems, the Navia Stokes equations.
12:17These equations are used for aircraft design, weather forecasting, and the study of blood flow. We are not solving math problems for their own sake, but to empower people to discover new knowledge and to use it to improve healthcare, raise standards of living of living, and expand everyone's potential around the world. There remains so much to be discovered, but it's very important that companies not substitute for the democratic process.
12:40If AI is to be democratic, the most important decisions cannot be made by labs in San Francisco alone. They must be shaped through democratic processes and by governments accountable to the people that they serve. At the international level, this will require cooperation.
12:56In our history, there have been times where countries who compete and don't always like each other very much still come together for shared interests and the collective good in the face of a powerful new technology. We believe this must be one of those times. We need a mechanism for complimentary national and international frontier AI standards. Standards for measuring capabilities, assessing risks, determining whether safeguards are sufficient, and preserving meaningful human oversight as systems become more autonomous.
13:25We need common standards so countries can compare evidence, verify compliance, and have a shared language and understanding about what is happening. We need accurate and speedy incident reporting, classification and reporting protocols so the world can learn from failures before they become catastrophes. And we need secure channels among governments, critical infrastructure operators and technical experts to share emerging vulnerabilities and new threats.
13:51Obviously, these standards should not lock in incumbents or favor one business model over another. They must support open and closed model developers, new entrance and established labs, national authority, and international cooperation. Each government should decide how to incorporate standards into its own legal system, but we will all be better off if we can agree on what good evidence, good safeguards, and good oversight look like on the global stage.
14:15We do not have all the answers, and we're very open to any better ideas. We're ready to work with you all and try our hardest to figure out the path forward. We are at a crossroads. One path leads to a world where power is concentrated, decisions are opaque, and people feel that the most important technology of their lifetime is something being done to them.
14:36The other path leads to a world where AI works for people because people through democratic institutions help decide how it should develop and guide it. Where scientific progress improves real lives, where more people can participate in the future, and where this technology continues to give individuals and communities greater power to live life as they choose. This is a future of realized potential, excitement and wonder and it is the future we believe is worth building. Thank you very much.
15:03I thank Mr. Alman for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Dario Amade.
15:11Good afternoon. I'd like to thank France for convening this meeting and the members of the council for inviting me to speak. AI is advancing very quickly.
15:20Four years ago, it could barely write a line of code or solve a high school math problem. Today, it writes most of the coded enthropic and solves world famous unsolved math problems. The trajectory only needs to continue for a tiny period longer, one or two years, maybe less, to reach what I've called a country of geniuses in a data center. This rapid pace of progress will produce incredible benefit for the world. Just today, Anthropic announced the claude discovery of a new molecular machine. It's a
15:49preliminary finding, but it may constitute a new gene editing mechanism that could have applications in in gene therapy. Claude led the literature review, theorizing, and experimental design, and humans ran and verified the experiments in the lab. We believe this type of application will accelerate rapidly in the years ahead and that we can make profound progress in the near future on diseases that have plagued humanity for millennia. But these remarkable capabilities also come with
16:18risks that must be managed. I see two main categories of risk. The first is misuse of AI models. For example, misuse by bioteterrorists to create biological weapons. The second risk is loss of control. Model capabilities accelerating beyond developers ability to control them. These questions are global in scope and concern all of humanity. They are grave enough that I believe they are important questions for this council, not just for economic or ICT ministries.
16:47If managed poorly, I even believe that AI could be a risk to humanity as a whole. At Enthropic, we believe we have the best track record in
17:45This call had three parts. First, we committed to embed external evaluators inside Anthropic with employee-like access similar to a food inspector and and we recommended that other companies across the world do the same. Some have already agreed uh uh to adopt this measure. Second, we called for cooperation across the industry to set standards and modulate the pace of progress. And finally, we called for
18:13global cooperation across the world between governments to set international standards. It is this last area that most squarely falls within this council's remmit. I want to offer three ideas.
19:09on using AI to make biological weapons or permitting your AI technologies to be used AI technologies to be used to make biological weapons. Second, we should build evaluation and verification systems that keep pace with AI development so that states can have visibility into frontier model capability and can verify each other's commitments. Third, we should establish
19:37common global standards for testing AI models for loss of control risks and misuse risks and a notification system for AI incidents that are significant to global security. I believe that this is the most important global security issue facing the world today. For all the differences of the people in this room, we must put aside those differences in order to confront this global opportunity and global threat that is
20:06being presented to us at the same time. No leader, no company, and no nation can manage this alone. We commit to working with governments in this room on this urgent work. Thank you for your attention. I thank Mr. Amade for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Clement Dong President member.
20:32Thank you for the as a French national who moved to the US 15 years ago Brazil and two American daughters I collaboration on a daily basis appreciation for the challenging work. I'm also the co-founder and CEO of to be one of the most widely used forms for developers and agents built based on open-source models.
21:02This July, we were the first company to publicly close an autonomous agent cyber attack to the world and today I want to share three critical lessons from it. First, we can all agree that we need more transy in AI. I often wonder what would have h have decided not to close this attack publicly, especially now that we know similar incidents had been happening months earlier in secret at a handful of frontier labs without monitoring.
21:37To better understand and mitigate these emerging cyber security risks, the global community needs stronger standards for monitoring and incident disclosure. For example, through mandatory sharing of full agent traces. We learned this summer that building and keeping some of these systems behind closed doors is not.
22:03Second, we realize that the biggest risk is not powerful AI. It's asymmetry of powerful AI. As symmetry between attackers and defenders, between a few companies and everyone else, between a few countries and the rest of the world, as symmetry of control, of capabilities, compute, as symmetry of power.
22:29When we our team initially turned to frontier close to us APIs that blocked us so we couldn't use them because of safeguards that still can't always tell the difference and defenders. I realized that these safeguards but they can put defenders at a disadvantage. Attackers can easily jailbreak them increasing the symmetry of capabilities.
22:57In our case, as we got blocked by guard rails, fortunately, we could use the Nvidia version of an open-source model coming from China called GLM 5.2 by ZAI, and we're very grateful for that. It reinforced our conviction of the importance of open-source AI for defenders.
23:22Cyber attacks and risks may increasingly come from proprietary models behind closed doors while much of the defense may end up being powered by open source tools because they are less restricted, more privacy preserving and orders of magnitude more affordable for organizations across the globe. The world needs open source AI more than ever to defend itself.
23:48This applies obviously not only to cyber security but to AI in general where there has never been a greater need to distribute capabilities, resources and control rather than concentrated in the hands of a few. Third, during this cyber attack, we learned how AI can stoke fear among the public and especially through anthropomorphic framing and sci-fi imagery.
24:15We strongly believe that fearbased narratives are not the way to make the right decisions about the future of such a foundational and empowering technology or bring the public along with us.
24:31Even though we were the victims of this cyber attack, we believe more strongly than ever that AI will be beneficial to cyber security and make the world safer just as major technology before it. We were attacked by AI, but more importantly, we defended ourselves with AI. The same systems that helped us during this attack are now helping us against cyber attacks we were already facing.
25:00is also helping us fix the bugs and weaknesses in our systems before any attack. The same way AI is helping OpenAI fix their sandboxes to prevent a won't just new cyber security challenges.
25:19It can make cyber security fundamentally and meaningfully stronger if we keep the right incentives, equip defenders more than attackers, and don't increase the asymmetry between them. And that's before considering AI's positive impact on science, healthcare, education, productivity, and much more than the previous speakers have talked about.
25:42In closing, I want to reiterate what this first agent cyber attack the need for more transparency in AI, more open source to fight as symmetry and power countries big and small. Thank you again to the UN Security Council and Mr. Barrow for inviting me to speak today community and myself are at your
26:09disposal. Thank you very much.
26:13I thank Mr. Dong for his briefing. I will now make a statement in my capacity as the minister for Europe and foreign affairs of France. Ministers, ladies and gentlemen, uh 60 years ago in 2001, a space odyssey, Stanley Kubri imagined how 9000, an artificial intelligence that stopped obeying its creators and which eliminated members of the crew
26:41of the spaceship where it was located in order to accomplish its mission. For a long time, this seemed belonged to the realm of science fiction. But this summer it nearly became a reality when open AI models circumvented the controls isolating them from the internet, coordinated amongst themselves, and compromised part of Hugging Faces infrastructure. In another instance, anthropic agents collaborated without being instructed by any human to do so
27:10and attempted to deploy malicious code by creating fake identities. Yes, the scaling up of AI models have led to the emergence of unanticipated capacities and an unexpected pace which pose risks to international security. That is why France has convened this meeting of the United Nations Security POW Security Council and invited the heads of the main companies concerned.
27:46Technology as I have said has reached a level of development that now directly impacts international peace and security. It therefore falls within the pure view of this council. Cohorts of agents are operating without any human oversight. Others are operating beyond the framework in which they were tested.
28:03And with these new capabilities comes a first risk that we might lose control of the systems that we have created. A risk that has already been pointed out by the previous briefers. The second risk stems from humanity itself. Artificial intelligence can make complex technical skills often dual use skills more accessible in these cyber, biological and chemical domains as well as in the field of disinformation. The third risk relates to autonomous weapons capable of
28:33using lethal force without any form of human control. While the development of artificial intelligence in the military domain may offer positive opportunities, as the president of the republic stated before the general assembly yesterday, the challenges regarding compliance with international humanitarian law, in particular those raised by the development and use of lethal autonomous weapons systems, illustrate the need to agree on a common framework.
29:04All of these challenges require that the United Nations Security Council also address the challenges that AI poses to international peace and security.
29:18These challenges also lead to the question now being raised by the industry itself as well as its main representatives. How can we prevent the development of the most advanced models from outpacing our ability to understand and manage the risks they create?
29:36France is convinced of the immense possibilities offered by artificial intelligence. When used responsibly, artificial intelligence tools can support education, access to justice, healthc care, scientific research, and create colossal benefits for all of humanity. But in order for these possibilities to become a reality, advances in these capabilities must be accompanied by equivalent progress in our ability to understand, assess, and
30:10manage the risks they give rise to. Both must advance at the same pace. We must also take the time to assess the consequences of the spread of artificial intelligence for human dignity, a principle enshrined at the heart of the United Nations charter. And indeed, the rapid pace of technological development raises risks that we can no longer ignore.
30:38financial risk left solely to the whims of the invisible hand of the market and the clash of powers with massive reliance on debt to finance colossal investments. The AI bubble could seriously destabilize the global economy. There's the social risk as you point out in the report of the independent scientific panel on AI. Mr.
31:02artificial intelligence could impact the labor market deeply and exacerbate inequalities. Finally, there is the environmental risk. The development of artificial intelligence consumes increasing amount of energy and water resources to the detriment of other uses. Let us not fool ourselves. Our fellow citizens are concerned and the protests already sparked by the construction of data centers demonstrate
31:31this. If we ignore the full range of repercussions that the development of AI will have on our societies, the anger of our fellow citizens will continue to grow and risk hindering the adoption of positive uses of these technologies. Ladies and gentlemen, ultimately the international community will need to establish a common framework to manage the risks associated with frontier AI models. We support the call issued this week by Norway and Finland.
32:03We are not starting from scratch. The many efforts now emerging along with existing forums should enable us to address four major challenges. The challenge of independently evaluating models before they're made available and throughout their life cycle.
32:18The challenge of ensuring transparency regarding how models function but also how they malfunction particularly in the event of an incident. The challenge of internal and external oversight over models functioning, their alignment and cyber security requirements from training through deployment. And finally the issue of accountability and particularly legal liability of AI companies in the event of an incident including during the development phase.
32:48It would be wrong to think that the solution lies in closed models and they're controlled by a handful of businesses. The openness of models is in fact a key driver of trust and security. It allows the scientific community to examine how they work to identify their vulnerabilities and ensure greater diversity among models which is the foundation of resilience.
33:14As a permanent member of the security council and a state that possesses this technology, France will play its full part in building a collective framework that guarantees our security while allowing us to benefit from the immense progress that artificial intelligence can bring. In 2025, France hosted a summit for action on AI.
33:38It supports the international network of AI safety institutes to involve more countries in defining common evaluation methods. France has already helped create international forums for discussions on the subject such as the global partnership on artificial intelligence, the coalition for sustainable AI, and the coalition for children's rights and protection in the age of AI, which the president of the republic convened
34:06yesterday here in New York, a coalition that will meet again during the Paris Forum for Peace. Ladies and gentlemen, by way of conclusion, in 1945, the dawn of the atomic age confronted humanity with a power whose possibilities and perils it was discovering simultaneously. Humanity had to devise rules, institutions and instruments commendate with that power and that is the international atomic energy agency and the non-prololiferation treaty.
34:40Just as with the atom back then, the international community must now regulate AI in order to make the most of its potential and avert the worst. We are now facing a moment of this very nature. The potential for transformation and disruption posed by AI such that it cannot be left in the hands of a few private actors in a handful of countries. It is a democratic challenge and this is something to be taken up by peoples and states. So let us work
35:08together within the UN framework and with the private sector to define the rules for this new age to strengthen our safeguards without delay and to establish global governance for artificial intelligence to benefit our collective security but also the human person and human dignity. I now resume my functions as the president of the council and I give the floor to his excellency Mr. Muhammad Ishakdar, deputy prime minister and minister foreign affairs of Pakistan.
35:38Thank you Mr. President. I thank France for convening this uh meeting today and also appreciate the briefers for their invaluable insights. Artificial intelligence is increasingly transforming all areas of life with deep impact on societies, economies and security. The opportunities are immense but so are the challenges. AI's impact is sharply evident in the context of international and regional peace and stability.
36:12As a force multiplier and crosscutting rule use technology, AI is defining the new chapter of modern warfare. The debate has shifted markedly in recent times. Those at the vanguard of AI development have themselves acknowledged that the pace of development of new AI systems could outturn our ability to understand and control them. Some have called for the frontier to be based cautiously in order to mitigate catastrophic risks. Mr.
36:51President, I will now make following five points. One, the foremost priority is to retain human judgment and control in all stages of AI design, development and integration. Humans must remain in control to define structures of AI systems as well as to limit speed and nature of its future capabilities.
37:17Two, we must ensure that AI does not become another facet of the ongoing arms race. Concerted efforts are required to erect the necessary guard rails, regulations, and governance frameworks. In the military domain, we need measures of restraint and confidence building to address the risks of miscalculation and compressed decision-m. Three, it should not be monopoly of few actors. It should rather serve to address common challenges facing humanity.
37:58International collaboration in the development of AI is crucial to ensure that it is representative, comprehensive, transparent and inclusive. Four, AI is supercharging existing challenges such as misinformation, fake news, cyber attacks, including on critical infrastructure by state and non-state actors. We must undertake
38:26concrete actions to address the gaps and challenges that carry huge implications for peace and security. Five, unfortunately, rather than focusing on collective opportunity for our shared benefit, some are resorting to putting barriers to technology transfer. However, as witnessed in case of other technologies, the democratization of AI would be
38:55realized eventually.
38:58Measures pursued in the name of safety must not become instrument instruments of denial of technology. Mr. President, Pakistan takes the call to pace the AI frontier seriously. We welcome the recognition that no single company or country can manage these risks alone and that competitive pressures are driving a race that no one can win safely. But
39:25pacing must not become a new form of gatekeeping. If the speed of the frontier is set by a few among a few while others are held back through restrictions, today's asymmetries
39:52world AI would be born by all decisions on how to manage them cannot rest with a handful of companies or capitals Mr. President. Therefore, it is critical to avoid fragmentation in AI development and governance. Discriminatory agendas and inequitable forums with select representation are not helpful. Importantly, all relevant issues concerning the development and and deployment of AI as well as its broader implication should be taken up
40:29comprehensively in representative and inclusive forums with universal participation under the UN opaces. We welcome the convening of the first UN global dialogue on AI governance this year late in Geneva. Mr. President Pakistan extends it support to all collaborative efforts at the international arena to reap benefits of AI and address challenges in a
40:57cooperative manner. In this respect, we were happy to join as founding member of the China's initiative of establishing the world artificial intelligence cooperation organization as this represents a concrete step towards promoting the development of artificial intelligence for good and for all. Mr.
41:19President, for such a wide ranging and fast developing technology, confidence building measures play a vital role in the maintenance of international and regional peace and security. Practical tools designed to reduce mistrust, prevent accidental escalation and manage risk related to military and foundational AI system are necessary for peace and security. Mr. President
41:47Pakistan reaffirms its commitment to advance international cooperation in the area of artificial intelligence. We look forward to working closely with member states in efforts to help bridge the global AI divide and promote equitable access to advance peace and development for all. I thank you Mr. President.
42:08I thank his excellency Mr. Darf for the statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Lars lomisen, minister foreign affairs of Denmark.
42:16President at thou said I want to express my appreciation to France and to you foreign minister Bahu for having convened uh what I think is a very very timely session on this uh significant topic. Let me also thank Mr. Benjio for briefing us and for your work in the United Nations Scientific Panel on AI and thank you also Mr. Oldman, Mr. Amod and Mr. Delon in particular as practitioners and and leaders in this field for your insightful reflections.
42:46You are at the forefront of the new frontier and we very much welcome your participation today. Today artificial intelligence is constantly developing and reaching capabilities we are only I can only talk for myself but I think also generally speaking we are only beginning to understand. There's no doubt that AIdriven technologies have the opportunity to strengthen and promote international peace and security and development, especially in light of
43:14the recent giant leaps forward in the capabilities of AI. The growing emergence of AI technology offers the potential to support this council's mandate. For instance, to enhance peaceuilding and peacekeeping through information verification, early warning, and in support of planning and operating the missions in areas where the UN is denied access, satellite technology and AI software programs have helped the UN identify patterns of attacks and destruction of essential
43:49civilian infrastructure.
43:51Such information can play a vital role in alerting the security council. It can help us all to take timely action and prevent crisis from escalating.
44:02At the same time, we must recognize the risks presented by the development, use and misuse of new and emerging AI technology, in particular, frontier AI models and lack of human control. This is the aim behind the call for control of frontier AI models initiated by Finland and Norway and already supported by a number of countries including Denmark. We need global com cooperation on this agenda. Mr. President, the
44:31tension between on the one hand the important opportunities and on the other hand the risk defines one of the most urgent challenges of our time and why that's why I think this um discussion is very timely. Overcoming these challenge requires global AI governance uh strengthened international cooperation and determined action without widening the global digital divide. The UN's global dialogue on AI governance is an
45:00important first step.
45:02Governance and regulation of AI are high on Denmark's agenda, including regulation of large uh tech companies. These efforts are not breaks on innovation and growth. They are, I think, essential efforts to ensure that technological progress serves the public interest and humanity in general. The unprecedented speed of AI innovation demonstrates the need for safeguards to ensure AI systems remain safe, remain secure and trustworthy. Uncontrolled new technology could lead to dangerous and harmful effects.
45:44We are already seeing how they pose new threats, including to those who protect civilians in conflict. Above all, the medical mission. So Denmark underlines uh the importance of ensuring the responsible use of AI and that the use of AI is in accordance with international law. In this regard, we call on all states to ensure human control of AI and accountability for the
46:11development and use of AI, not least in the military domain where accountability is absolutely essential. Mr. President, Denmark will continue to support the meaningful engagement of the security council and promote an inclusive multistakeholder approach to AI governance. Civil society and the private sector must play leading roles.
46:34Science and evidence must always inform our uh policies. We see the independent international scientific panel as an important contribution to credible and evidence-based AI governance. The panel provides us with a common scientific reference point. So, Mr. President, in in in closing, we need to consider how AI can contribute positively to shape international peace and security and
47:02bridge global digital divides. At the same time, we must remain cleareyed of the significant risks and start building some strong u guard rails so we can manage the global risk in due time.
47:20I thank his excellency Mr. Esmson for his statement and I now give the floor for Carlos, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Panama.
47:33Thank you, Mr. Minister, Mr. President, we thank France for convening this important meeting. Moreover, we thank Mr. Joshua Benjio, co-chair of the Independent Scientific Panel of the United Nations on Artificial Intelligence, Mr. Sam Alman, CEO of OpenAI, Mr. Dario Ammedday, CEO of Anthropic, and Mr. Clement Delong, CEO of Hugging Face, for their valuable presentations.
48:07Although today's meeting invites us to consider the risks caused and exacerbated by artificial intelligence, for Panama, it is necessary to begin this statement by highlighting its potential to transform the world in which we live.
48:23The capacity of these technologies to analyze enormous amounts of information, identify patterns, generate increasingly sophisticated videos, images, and code, to automate tasks, and to support planning and decision making processes are all evidence of a transformation that is already underway, the scope of which we are barely beginning to understand. These tools have a wide
48:52array of applications that can benefit humanity. In Panama, our own national artificial intelligence strategy is identifying opportunities in sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, education, and logistics where these technologies can offer solutions which just a few years ago would have seemed unimaginable.
49:13And it is specifically in this area of progress where if applied to other purposes, we also see the main risks emerging. Artificial intelligence can also be used to amplify disinformation campaigns to allow for cyber attacks against critical infrastructure and to facilitate access to knowledge for the development of weapons among other uses that are already a threat to international security. And these risks
49:42are not hypothetical scenarios. We are beginning to see them come to a pass in situations that are directly related to this council. There are recent reports on the use of artificial intelligence by non-state actors to develop guidance and navigation systems for rockets and missiles. On top of that, there are reports of autonomous weapons being used that are able to navigate and select targets completely independently or with
50:10very limited human intervention. It is precisely this growing autonomy which raises one of the most serious concerns that was noted in the concept note for this meeting. That is the possibility that the evolution of these systems could exceed our ability to maintain effective human control of them.
50:31There are decisions which by their very nature cannot be reduced to a statistical result, a statistical outcome. When human lives are at stake, it is vital that ethical, legal, and contextual considerations be taken into account, which no calculation or algorithmic system can replace.
50:51This concern for control is not limited to extreme scenarios. As we begin to use analysis produced by artificial intelligence to steer and guide our decisions, it is essential that those that are in leadership positions uh be able to understand how these tools have arrived at a certain recommendation, what information underpins that recommendation, and what the margin of error is. Mr. President recognizing the risks of artificial intelligence does
51:20not mean ignoring the benefits that this technology is already providing our societies. The challenge is finding a balance that allows us to take advantage of these opportunities while also responding to the risks with uh responsibly. In that regard, Panama recognizes the important role of the International Scientific Panel on artificial intelligence to provide impartial and scientific information that can guide the discussions of the
51:49international community on these technologies. Equally, we welcome the initiative of the tech sector actors here present to proactively share information about specific cases of the misuse of these technologies and also about incidents in which their growing autonomy has generated concerns about the possible loss of human control of them.
52:15President, this meeting is evidence that in order to address the range of risks related to artificial intelligence, closer cooperation between states, the tech sector, and other relevant actors will be essential. To that end, it is essential that we establish mechanisms for a more structured and permanent exchange of information on emerging risks, incidents, misuse, and good
52:45Artificial intelligence will inevitably continue to evolve and continue to transform the world in which we live.
52:53And the testimonies that we've heard today are evidence of that. Our responsibility is to make sure that this progress continues to be in the service of people and that it contributes to the construction of safer, more peaceful, more prosperous societies with a perspective of equity that allows all of the nations of the world including the global south to participate and benefit from its development. Thank you very much.
53:18I thank his excellency for his statement and I now give the floor to his excellency Christos menopolis deputy minister for digital governance and AI of Greece.
53:30Mr. President, I wish to begin by thanking France along along with the briefers for their remarks and for bringing to the attention of the security council the crucial issue of the link between the rapid technological advances in the field of AI and international peace and security. A subject that we will also tackle during our presidency. AI is already changing the way we think about international peace and security. It can help us
53:57prevent conflict, improve early warning, and make UN operations more effective. But it also create risks that we are only beginning to understand. For Greece, our starting point is clear. AI must remain humanentric, secure, and trustworthy. It development and use must respect international law including the UN charter, international humanitarian law and international human rights law and human responsibility and accountability must remain at the center of our approach. Our national approach combines innovation with governance.
54:33Greece has established the special secretariat for AI and data governance, implemented the national law for the EU AI act, and is investing in strategic infrastructure including the supercomputer and the Faros AI factory.
54:48In April 2025, together with France and the Republic of Korea, Greece organized an area formula meeting on harnessing safe, inclusive, and trustworthy AI for the maintenance of international peace and security. Today's discussion give us an opportunity to take that conversation further. Allow me to make three points.
55:09First, we need to better understand the risks. AI can process enormous amounts of information and help us make better informed decisions. But speed is not always an advantage. In situations of crisis, AI can compress the time available for decisions and encourage excessive reliance on automated outputs.
55:31As AI increasingly enters decision-m processes, we must ensure that greater speed does not come at the expense of sound human judgment. These concerns become even more serious when AI enters military decision- making. Technology can assist human judgment. It cannot replace it. Responsibility and accountability for critical decisions must always remain human. Nowhere in is this more important than in the nuclear
56:00domain. We must be extremely cautious about not integrating AI into nuclear command and control. The risk of miscalculation and unintended escalation are simply too great. Decisions of such consequence must remain under human control. Second, we need practical ways to reduce these risks. This starts with dialogue. We need greater transparency, confidence building and a better common understanding of how international law applies to the development and use of AI. Important work is already under way.
56:36The reaim process and the political declaration responsible military use of AI and autonomy have helped advance the international discussion on responsible military uses of AI. The United Nations has an essential role in bringing these different efforts together. The Security Council also has a role to play not in regulating technology and not in duplicating the work of other UN bodies.
57:01Our responsibility is to understand what these technologies mean for international peace and security and to act when those implications fall within our mandate. Third, addressing risk should not mean holding back innovation.
57:17We should make use of the opportunities AI provides while putting appropriate safeguards in place and we cannot have this discussion without those who develop and use these technologies. We therefore support close engagement with academia, civil society and the private sector alongside states and the United Nations. Such engagement should be inclusive, geographically representative and gender balanced. Mr. President, AI will increasingly affect international peace and security.
57:51We cannot stop technological change, nor should we seek to, but we can work together to ensure that human beings remain responsible for decisions that matter most. For Greece, this means keeping international law, human responsibility, and accountability at the center of our approach. It also means keeping this council focused on its primarily responsibility, the maintenance of international peace and security. So, Greece will continue to
58:20work with all members of the council towards this objective. Thank you.
58:26I thank his excellency Mr. Demanopulos for his statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Ali Muhammad Omar, state minister for foreign affairs of Somalia. Mr. President, I thank France for convening this timely debate. I also thank Mr. Banio, Oldman, Almado, and Dingua for their insightful briefing.
58:54Artificial intelligence is no longer only a technological or a developmental issue. is our current reality. Rapidly transforming society, economies and our approach to peace and security. It is role in a cyber operationist disinformation, critical infrastructure and military decision making places it firmly within the United Nations mandate.
59:20We must prevent AI from becoming a driver of a conflict while actively supporting it responsible use in early warning, crisis prevention, peacekeeping, humanitarian action and civilian protection. In that vein, four core principalists should guide us. Number one, first the human responsibility must remain absolute. AI must operate strictly within the framework of international
59:49law the purposes and the principles of the UN charter and the respect of her human rights and human dignity. States cannot delegate legal, ethical and moral accountability to an algorithmist. We welcome the declaration affirming that AI must remain under a human direction, insight and control. This principle is indispensable in decision involving the use of force, autonomous weaponist system and nuclear command and control. Second, safety must must come before a deployment.
1:00:29Recent incidents involving AI agent reportedly bypassing safeguards concealing their actions and obtaining unauthorized access raises a serious question about whether existing controllers can keep base with the increasing autonomous systems. Private companies develop and control many of these systems, but commercial incentives cannot determine how much risky a human must accept. We therefore support a mandatory incident reporting layered technical safeguards, independent audits and measures to mitigate algorithmic bias and protect vulnerable populations.
1:01:16When agreed capability threshold are crossed, deployment must be suspended until risks can be reliably managed. The Secretary General's proposal to explore an international institution capable of setting standards enabling verification and convening states when such threshold are crossed deserves a careful consideration. Third, governance must
1:01:45address Africa's specific vulnerability and ensure equitable access. Limited computing infrastructure, unreliable connectivity, shortages of specialized expert and fragmented regulatory capacity constrain the the ability of many African states to evaluate advanced systems. modelist trained on a foreign data may misrepresent African language
1:02:14and context while synthetic synthetic data can inflame a social tensionist interfere in a fragile beast processes and undermine elections. Africa cannot remain merely a market for system systems developed elsewhere, a source of a raw data or a testing ground for a technology it did not help govern.
1:02:41We must ver we must prevent new forms of technological dependency and digital digital coloniz colonialism by supporting a regional framework particularly partnership with African Union and strategies like the ban African AI initiative.
1:03:01Developing countries require a targeted international cooperation, financing to bridge the digital and infrastructure, energy and skills divide alongside access to local data sets, evaluation tools and computing power. Ensuring every nation has the right to develop, choose and assess AI technology is essential for a national digital sovereignty and our shared global
1:03:30stability. Fourth, the United Nation must serve as the main global as the main general for global govern AI governance. Somali supporters international normies anchored in the universal legitimacy of the UN rather than fragmented rules established by small number of technological advanced states and private corporations that risk reinforcing existing global inequalities. Global governance must uphold a people centered approach that directs AI toward human well-being and common good.
1:04:09developing regional regionist Africa in particular must must be granted a genuine representation and a voice in these multilateral processes alongside the institution institutional and technological capacity to evaluate AI systems independently rather than relying on external determination. The measures of our success will not be the sophistication
1:04:37of our declaration, but whether we prevent the first AI enabled crisis from becoming the next international conflict. The power of AI intelligence does not entail inevitable outcome. It shaped and and and given meaning by our values and our choices. The technology is advancing quickly. Our collective responsibility must advance faster. I thank you.
1:05:06I thank his excellency Mr. Omar for his statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Ed Milliband, Minister of Foreign Affairs, uh, Minister, Secretary of State for Foreign Commonwealth and Development Affairs of the United Kingdom.
1:05:18Uh, can I really thank you for convening this very very important uh, session?
1:05:23And I also want to put on record my thanks to the expert speakers uh who have provided such an illuminating uh contribution uh to this session.
1:05:33I think we should stand back and take stock of what confronts us uh in this session of the security council because AI is a technology which undoubtedly has the power to transform our world for the better. I'm sure we all see it in our daily lives. We see it in all of our countries. But today the founders of this technology are coming to us with a stark warning. They are telling us not
1:06:01just that they relish the chance of this technology to do good, but they fear its ability to do harm. They are telling us in stark terms that it cannot just be left to them to prevent disaster from befalling the world. I say today we cannot ignore them because they are right.
1:06:30Because we cannot abdicate our responsibility to our citizens. Because we cannot outsource to private companies the first duty of government to protect our people. Whatever the issue, this security council was founded to address the great collective challenges of our time. So it is for governments, for governments, as many of the people who have made contributions today from the tech world have said, for all of us
1:06:59around tables such as this to work together and together with industry to deliver in the interests of the people that have sent us here and that is what the UK government is committed to doing. We must start with safety. This means working harder to ensure frontier AI models are rigorously tested and building a system of assurance around model development to allow us to establish trust that models are safe.
1:07:27Second, transparency.
1:07:30The companies building the models cannot simply be left to their own devices. Governments must have the visibility to understand and assess what AI companies are doing. The leading AI companies have actually committed to provide this visibility. It's really, really important and it is an offer that we and they should follow through on. Third, resilience. We have to harden our defenses to reduce the impact of AI enabled incidents.
1:08:01Even if we test every model, we must be prepared for AI to be misused. That includes boosting our cyber defenses, protecting critical infrastructure, and reinforcing our financial systems. And we must support our populations to manage and adjust to the disruption that AI will bring to how we live and work, as well as to harness its incredible benefits.
1:08:26I say today that the UK will play its full part in this process. We established the first AI security institute, which shares its leading expertise, testing capabilities, and research. Working handin glove with the United States and the leading labs on AI safety. As our prime minister set out yesterday, the UK will put AI at the heart of its G20 presidency next year.
1:08:49Building on our track record of bringing the right people together on this issue, breaking down silos between government, industry, researchers, and civil society. delivering on the potential of AI for good and dealing with the risks whether in terms of the future of jobs, protecting children, cyber security, biocurity, national security or financial stability as we also work to agreeing to working towards agreeing a set of a single set
1:09:19of global principles and standards to ensure the transparency and access necessary to increase our preparedness to ensure that AI development is safe and as the previous speaker said to seize potential for the global south and global north alike. Let me just end on this uh point. I think overall this is not a choice between progress and
1:09:46safety. We are only going to be able to innovate and capture the extraordinary benefits of AI which I'm sure we all share in this room if people have confidence that the right safeguards are in place. So together we must take whatever meas measures are necessary so that AI is secure, safe and trustworthy while still advancing its incredible potential to drive growth, cure disease and transform people's life chances. I
1:10:14end on this point finally. We can't say we haven't been warned. We have been warned by the people who have founded this incredible technology with its huge potential for good. We must act on their warnings.
