26:16I thank Mr. Benj for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Sam Alman.
26:21Thank you, Mr. President and your excellencies. I'm honored to be here and to be able to speak with you all at this important time. We've been talking about artificial intelligence for years, but it feels different in recent weeks and months. Rapid model progress has made the timeline feel more compressed, the upside more tangible, but also the stakes and the risks more immediate. We have a choice in front of us. AI can either be more like a new renaissance of creativity and discovery or more like a new industrial revolution of upheaval
26:51and disarray. The renaissance was a time when new tools, new ideas, and new institutions expanded what people believed they could do. AI can play that role for our time. I believe that people are much more capable than they imagine themselves to be, but have been held back by limited technology that was meant to empower but instead distracts and often steals attention.
27:14The best version of AI is not about making people cogs in a giant machine or optimizing every part of life until the human parts disappear. It is about giving people more agency in an ever more complex world. More ability to learn, to create, discover, build, participate. There are many things that AI cannot and should not automate. AI should be built for people, not simply to turn the crank crank of the machines faster for their own sake.
27:41Some of the things people working to build AI have said are so dystopian that they sound like the plot of bad science fiction movies. Anything this power is also powerful is also intimidating. This moment is complicated as we feel both tremendous potential and very understandable anxiety at the same time.
27:58These models can help people discover new knowledge, new medicines, better healthare, stronger education, and build more productive economies. They can be new tools for people to pursue dreams and ambition that today feel out of reach. The complexity of life has increased so dramatically for the average person. AI can be a defensive tool against this complexity as much as it can be this tool of unprecedented discovery and innovation.
28:23On the other hand, as AI systems become more capable and more autonomous, they could move faster than our institutions, concentrate power in two too few hands, or make decisions that people no longer understand or control. That concern becomes especially important as we approach systems that can improve themselves and future versions of themselves, often called recursive self-improvement.
28:47As the process of building AI becomes more automated, the pace of AI progress could accelerate rapidly. This moment calls for extreme care. I largely agree with Professor Benjio uh although I'll say two instead of three. I believe there are two ways that AI progress could go very badly that we have to avoid. First, we could lose control of the future to AI.
29:11The risk is that it moves so fast that people can no longer follow what's happening or intervene when needed. This would obviously be terrible. The industry must not accept too much technological risk just because the benefits are too great and that they feel too important to slow down. Beating companies in competitive race is not a reason to make rash decisions. Nor do we believe we are locked in a race where we are unable to do that. We have unilaterally slowed down in the past. We will do so in the future. We do not want to build systems. We think it's important that everyone avoids building systems where we cannot make the
29:40alignment, monitor, and safety guarantees that we must. We need to understand what these systems are doing and have strong evidence that they will do what people intend even as they get very very smart. Actually, especially as they get very very smart. It doesn't matter whether people put the risk of catastrophe at 10% or 1% or 12% or.1%.
29:59None of these levels are remotely acceptable and we should not train models that we cannot make an extremely strong case that we'll be able to keep under human control. So that's one way things can go wrong. In the other direction, these systems could concentrate too much power in too few hands. No one person or company or country should be able to use the most powerful AI models to impose their worldview on everyone else. A company or country that believes only it can be trusted with this technology can use that belief to justify almost anything
30:29else. We have to reject that logic even when it's convenient for any one actor.
30:34I believe there is a pragmatic path through both of these. At OpenAI, we approach these questions with a clear goal. AI should give people more power over their own lives, more freedom to live lives the way they want, more ability to solve problems, big or small, and to improve their communities. We don't want to fall into the trap of blind optimism. We also don't want to fall into the trap of dumerism either.
30:57Getting pulled into either extreme will not help us successfully figure out the challenges in front of us. Especially at a time when the world and its people face such enormous challenges that this technology can help solve. So we try to walk the middle path between these two poles. For us, that means three principles. First, as AI becomes more capable, people must remain at the center of AI decision-m alignment is not an abstract research question. It is the work of ensuring that these systems
31:25reliably remain under human control, reflect human values, and help people guide the next stages of development. We are not trying to and must not automate human judgment or human values.
31:37Second, the benefits of scientific progress and economic growth must be by people and for people. AI should help researchers make discoveries, doctors treat patients, teachers teach students, entrepreneurs start companies, communities solve problems that felt out of reach, and much more. The continuous story of human progress is not the tools replace human agency. It is that the right tools make people more capable.
31:59And I believe this is going to go much further than we believe possible. Third, this technology must empower people individually. A great future will come from people realizing their potential and building value for themselves, their communities, their countries, and the broader world. We might be the builders, one of the builders of this technology, but we are not the heroes of the story.
32:18Our role is to enable people all over the world and to trust in the magic of humanity's skill and faculties. We now have models capable of discovering knowledge that we have never had before. Consider the progress we've seen in math. Three summers ago, our models were okay at grade school math.
32:37Two summers ago, they were pretty good at high school math competitions. Last summer, we reached gold a gold level medal in the most prestigious international math competition. And just a few weeks ago, this summer, one of our models solved one of the Millennium Prize problems, the Navia Stokes equations.
32:53These equations are used for aircraft design, weather forecasting, and the study of blood flow. We are not solving math problems for their own sake, but to empower people to discover new knowledge and to use it to improve healthcare, raise standards of living of living, and expand everyone's potential around the world. There remains so much to be discovered, but it's very important that companies not substitute for the democratic process.
33:16If AI is to be democratic, the most important decisions cannot be made by labs in San Francisco alone. They must be shaped through democratic processes and by governments accountable to the people that they serve. At the international level, this will require cooperation.
33:32In our history, there have been times where countries who compete and don't always like each other very much still come together for shared interests and the collective good in the face of a powerful new technology. We believe this must be one of those times. We need a mechanism for complimentary national and international frontier AI standards. Standards for measuring capabilities, assessing risks, determining whether safeguards are sufficient, and preserving meaningful human oversight as systems become more autonomous.
34:01We need common standards so countries can compare evidence, verify compliance, and have a shared language and understanding about what is happening. We need accurate and speedy incident reporting, classification and reporting protocols so the world can learn from failures before they become catastrophes. And we need secure channels among governments, critical infrastructure operators and technical experts to share emerging vulnerabilities and new threats.
34:27Obviously, these standards should not lock in incumbents or favor one business model over another. They must support open and closed model developers, new entrance and established labs, national authority, and international cooperation. Each government should decide how to incorporate standards into its own legal system, but we will all be better off if we can agree on what good evidence, good safeguards, and good oversight look like on the global stage.
34:51We do not have all the answers, and we're very open to any better ideas. We're ready to work with you all and try our hardest to figure out the path forward. We are at a crossroads. One path leads to a world where power is concentrated, decisions are opaque, and people feel that the most important technology of their lifetime is something being done to them.
35:12The other path leads to a world where AI works for people because people through democratic institutions help decide how it should develop and guide it, where scientific progress improves real lives, where more people can participate in the future, and where this technology continues to give individuals and communities greater power to live life as they choose. This is a future of realized potential, excitement and wonder and it is the future we believe is worth building. Thank you very much.
35:39I thank Mr. Alman for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Dario Amade.
35:47Good afternoon. I'd like to thank France for convening this meeting and the members of the council for inviting me to speak. AI is advancing very quickly.
35:56Four years ago, it could barely write a line of code or solve a high school math problem. Today, it writes most of the coded enthropic and solves world famous unsolved math problems. The trajectory only needs to continue for a tiny period longer, one or two years, maybe less, to reach what I've called a country of geniuses in a data center. This rapid pace of progress will produce incredible benefit for the world. Just today, Anthropic announced the claude discovery of a new molecular machine. It's a
36:26preliminary finding, but it may constitute a new gene editing mechanism that could have applications in in gene therapy. Claude led the literature review, theorizing, and experimental design, and humans ran and verified the experiments in the lab. We believe this type of application will accelerate rapidly in the years ahead, and that we can make profound progress in the near future on diseases that have plagued humanity for millennia. But these remarkable capabilities also come with
36:54risks that must be managed. I see two main categories of risk. The first is misuse of AI models. For example, misuse by bioteterrorists to create biological weapons. The second risk is loss of control. Model capabilities accelerating beyond developers ability to control them. These questions are global in scope and concern all of humanity. They are grave enough that I believe they are important questions for this council, not just for economic or ICT ministries.
37:23If managed poorly, I even believe that AI could be a risk to humanity as a whole. At Anthropic, we believe we have the best track record in the industry for preventing these risks both operationally and in our research. We test every model for dangerous capabilities in areas like cyber security and biology. We put strong safeguards on our most capable models and we publish our work in these areas.
37:47We have pioneered research in areas like mechanistic interpretability and alignment science that improve our ability to steer and control our models.
37:56We also have unparalleled transparency practices releasing risk reports that run to hundreds of pages. But we understand that as AI models become more powerful, even more stringent standards of safety will be required. And we are always aiming to improve our safety and alignment practices, our abilities, our ability to prevent misuse. And we are always striving to do better. We will slow down as much as necessary in order
38:24to make sure that every successive AI technology that we release is actually safe. But regardless of what we do, managing these risks is ultimately bigger than any one company. And it has an industry-wide and global scale. On September 12th, I called for a collaborative effort to pace the frontier, not to stop AI progress, but to work together to make sure the industry and the world can proceed at a rate where we can be sure that safety
38:53keeps up with capability for everyone in the industry. This call had three parts.
38:59First, we committed to embed external evaluators inside Enthropic with employee-like access similar to a food inspector and and we recommended that other companies across the world do the same. Some have already agreed uh uh to adopt this measure. Second, we called for cooperation across the industry to set standards and modulate the pace of progress. And finally, we called for global cooperation across the world
39:28between governments to set international standards. It is this last area that most squarely falls within this council's remmit. I want to offer three ideas in this regard. First, we should begin with narrow agreements that every member can support, such as a ban on using AI to make biological weapons or permitting your AI technologies to be used to make biological weapons. Second,
39:56we should build evaluation and verification systems that keep pace with AI development so that states can have visibility into frontier model capability and can verify each other's commitments. Third, we should establish common global standards for testing AI models for loss of control risks and misuse risks and a notification system for AI incidents that are significant to global security. I believe that this is
40:25the most important global security issue facing the world today. For all the differences of the people in this room, we must put aside those differences in order to confront this global opportunity and global threat that is being presented to us at the same time. No leader, no company, and no nation can manage this alone. We commit to working with governments in this room on this urgent work. Thank you for your attention.
40:55I thank Mr. Amade for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Clement Dong. Mr. President, member, thank you for the intention. As a French national who moved to the US 15 years ago, Brazil and two American daughters, I think collaboration on a daily basis appreciation for the challenging work. I'm also the co-founder and CEO of to be one of the most widely used forms for developers and agents bu based on opensource models.
41:35This July we were the first company to publicly close an autonomous agent cyber attack to the world and today I want to share three critical lessons from it. First, we can all agree that we need more trans in AI. I often wonder what would have h have decided not to close this attack publicly, especially now that we know similar incidents had been happening months earlier in secret at a handful of frontier labs without monitoring.
42:11To better understand and mitigate these emerging cyber security risks, the global community needs stronger standards for monitoring and incident disclosure. For example, through mandatory sharing of full agent traces. We learned this summer that building and keeping some of these systems behind closed doors is not.
42:36Second, we realized that the biggest risk is not powerful AI. It's asymmetry of powerful AI. As symmetry between attackers and defenders, between a few companies and everyone else, between a few countries and the rest of the world, as symmetry of control, of capabilities, compute, as symmetry of power.
43:02When we our team initially turned to frontier closed source APIs that blocked us so we couldn't use them because of safeguards that still can't always tell the difference and defenders. I realized that these safeguardations but they can put defenders at a disadvantage. Attackers can easily jailbreak them increasing the asymmetry of capabilities.
43:30In our case, as we got blocked by guardrails, fortunately, we could use the Nvidia version of an open-source model coming from China called GLM 5.2 by ZAI, and we're very grateful for that. It reinforced our conviction of the importance of open-source AI for defenders.
43:55Cyber attacks and risks may increasingly come from proprietary models behind closed doors. While much of the defense may end up being powered by open source tools because they are less restricted, more privacy preserving and orders of magnitude more affordable for organizations across the globe. The world needs open source AI more than ever to defend itself.
44:21This applies obviously not only to cyber security but to AI in general where there has never been a greater need to distribute capabilities, resources and control rather than concentrated in the hands of a few. Third, during this cyber attack, we learned how AI can stoke fear among the public and especially through anthropomorphic framing and sci-fi imagery.
44:49We strongly believe that fearbased narratives are not the way to make the right decisions about the future of such a foundational and empowering technology or bring the public along with us.
45:05Even though we were the victims of this cyber attack, we believe more strongly than ever that AI will be beneficial to cyber security and make the world safer just as major technology before it. We were attacked by AI, but more importantly, we defended ourselves with AI. The same systems that helped us during this attack are now helping us against cyber attacks we were already facing.
45:34is also helping us fix the bugs and weaknesses in our systems before any attack. The same way AI is helping OpenAI fix their sandboxes to prevent a won't just new cyber security challenges.
45:53It can make cyber security fundamentally and meaningfully stronger if we keep the right incentives, equip defenders more than attackers, and don't increase the asymmetry between them. And that's before considering AI's positive impact on science, healthcare, education, productivity, and much more than the previous speakers have talked about. In closing, I want to reiterate what this first agent cyber attack the need for more transparency in AI, more open source to fight asymmetry, empower def countries big and small.
46:34Thank you again to the UN Security Council and Mr. Barrow for inviting me to speak today community and myself are at your disposal. Thank you very much.
46:47I thank Mr. Dong for his briefing. I will now make a statement in my capacity as the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France. Ministers, ladies and gentlemen, uh 60 years ago in 2001, a space odyssey, Stanley Kubri imagined HAL 9000, an artificial intelligence that stopped obeying its creators and which eliminated members of the crew
47:15of the spaceship where it was located in order to accomplish its mission. For a long time, this seemed belonged to the realm of science fiction. But this summer, it nearly became a reality when open AI models circumvented the controls isolating them from the internet, coordinated amongst themselves, and compromised part of hugging faces infrastructure. In another instance, anthropic agents collaborated without being instructed by any human to do so
47:43and attempted to deploy malicious code by creating fake identities. Yes, the scaling up of AI models have led to the emergence of unanticipated capacities in an unexpected pace which pose risks to international security. That is why France has convened this meeting of the United Nations Security POW Security Council and invited the heads of the main companies concerned.
48:19Technology as I have said has reached a level of development that now directly impacts international peace and security. It therefore falls within the pure view of this council. Cohorts of agents are operating without any human oversight. Others are operating beyond the framework in which they were tested.
48:37And with these new capabilities comes a first risk that we might lose control of the systems that we have created. A risk that has already been pointed out by the previous briefers. The second risk stems from humanity itself. Artificial intelligence can make complex technical skills often dual use skills more accessible in these cyber, biological and chemical domains as well as in the field of disinformation. The third risk relates to autonomous weapons capable of
49:07using lethal force without any form of human control. While the development of artificial intelligence in the military domain may offer positive opportunities, as the president of the republic stated before the general assembly yesterday, the challenges regarding compliance with international humanitarian law, in particular those raised by the development and use of lethal autonomous weapons systems, illustrate the need to agree on a common framework.
49:38All of these challenges require that the United Nations Security Council also address the challenges that AI poses to international peace and security.
49:51These challenges also lead to the question now being raised by the industry itself as well as its main representatives. How can we prevent the development of the most advanced models from outpacing our ability to understand and manage the risks they create?
50:10France is convinced of the immense possibilities offered by artificial intelligence. When used responsibly, artificial intelligence tools can support education, access to justice, healthc care, scientific research, and create colossal benefits for all of humanity. But in order for these possibilities to become a reality, advances in these capabilities must be accompanied by equivalent progress in our ability to understand, assess, and
50:43manage the risks they give rise to. Both must advance at the same pace. We must also take the time to assess the consequences of the spread of artificial intelligence for human dignity, a principle enshrined at the heart of the United Nations charter. And indeed, the rapid pace of technological development raises risks that we can no longer ignore.
51:12financial risk left solely to the whims of the invisible hand of the market and the clash of powers with massive reliance on debt to finance colossal investments. The AI bubble could seriously destabilize the global economy.
51:28There's the social risk as you point out in the report of the independent scientific panel on AI. Mr. Benjio artificial intelligence could impact the labor market deeply and exacerbate inequalities. Finally, there is the environmental risk. The development of artificial intelligence consumes increasing amount of energy and water resources to the detriment of other uses. Let us not fool ourselves. Our
51:56fellow citizens are concerned and the protests already sparked by the construction of data centers demonstrate this. If we ignore the full range of repercussions that the development of AI will have on our societies, the anger of our fellow citizens will continue to grow and risk hindering the adoption of positive uses of these technologies.
52:22Ladies and gentlemen, ultimately the international community will need to establish a common framework to manage the risks associated with frontier AI models. We support the call issued this week by Norway and Finland. We are not starting from scratch. The many efforts now emerging along with existing forums should enable us to address four major challenges. The challenge of independently evaluating models before they're made available and throughout their life cycle.
52:52The challenge of ensuring transparency regarding how models function, but also how they malfunction, particularly in the event of an incident. The challenge of internal and external oversight over models functioning, their alignment and cyber security requirements from training through deployment. And finally, the issue of accountability and particularly legal liability of AI companies in the event of an incident, including during the development phase.
53:21It would be wrong to think that the solution lies in closed models and they're controlled by a handful of businesses. The openness of models is in fact a key driver of trust and security. It allows the scientific community to examine how they work to identify their vulnerabilities and ensure greater diversity among models which is the foundation of resilience.
53:48As a permanent member of the security council and a state that possesses this technology, France will play its full part in building a collective framework that guarantees our security while allowing us to benefit from the immense progress that artificial intelligence can bring. In 2025, France hosted a summit for action on AI.
54:11It supports the international network of AI safety institutes to involve more countries in defining common evaluation methods. France has already helped create international forums for discussions on the subject such as the global partnership on artificial intelligence, the coalition for sustainable AI, and the coalition for children's rights and protection in the age of AI, which the president of the republic convened
54:40yesterday here in New York, a coalition that will meet again during the Paris forum for peace. Ladies and gentlemen, by way of conclusion, in 1945, the dawn of the atomic age confronted humanity with a power whose possibilities and perils it was discovering simultaneously. Humanity had to devise rules, institutions, and instruments commendate with that power and that is the international atomic
55:09energy agency and the non-prololiferation treaty.
55:13Just as with the atom back then, the international community must now regulate AI in order to make the most of its potential and avert the worst. We are now facing a moment of this very nature. The potential for transformation and disruption posed by AI such that it cannot be left in the hands of a few private actors in a handful of countries. It is a democratic challenge and this is something to be taken up by peoples and states. So let us work
55:42together within the UN framework and with the private sector to define the rules for this new age to strengthen our safeguards without delay and to establish global governance for artificial intelligence to benefit our collective security but also the human person and human dignity. I now resume my functions as the president of the council and I give the floor to his excellency Mr. Muhammad Ishagdar, deputy prime minister and minister foreign affairs of Pakistan.
56:11Thank you, Mr. President. I thank France for convening this uh meeting today and also appreciate the briefers for their invaluable insights. Artificial intelligence is increasingly transforming all areas of life with deep impact on societies, economies, and security. The opportunities are immense, but so are the challenges. AI's impact is sharply evident in the context of international and regional peace and stability.
56:46As a force multiplier and crosscutting dual use technology, AI is defining the new chapter of modern warfare. The debate has shifted markedly in recent times. Those at the vanguard of AI development have themselves acknowledged that the pace of development of new AI systems could outturn our ability to understand and control them. Some have called for the frontier to be paced cautiously in order to mitigate catastrophic risks. Mr.
57:24President, I will now make following five points. One, the foremost priority is to retain human judgment and control in all stages of AI design, development and integration. Humans must remain in control to define structures of AI systems as well as to limit speed and nature of its future capabilities.
57:51Two, we must ensure that AI does not become another facet of the ongoing arms race. Concerted efforts are required to erect the necessary guard rails, regulations, and governance frameworks. In the military domain, we need measures of restraint and confidence building to address the risks of miscalculation and compressed decision-m. Three, it should not be monopoly of few actors. It should rather serve to address common challenges facing humanity.
58:32International collaboration in the development of AI is crucial to ensure that it is representative, comprehensive, transparent and inclusive. Four, AI is supercharging existing challenges such as misinformation, fake news, cyber attacks, including on critical infrastructure by state and non-state actors. We must undertake
59:00concrete actions to address the gaps and challenges that carry huge implications for peace and security. Five, unfortunately, rather than focusing on collective opportunity for our shared benefit, some are resorting to putting barriers to technology transfer. However, as witnessed in case of other technologies, the democratization of AI would be
59:29realized eventually.
59:31Measures pursued in the name of safety must not become instrument instruments of denial of technology. Mr. President, Pakistan takes the call to pace the AI frontier seriously. We welcome the recognition that no single company or country can manage these risks alone and that competitive pressures are driving a race that no one can win safely. But
59:59pacing must not become a new form of gatekeeping. If the speed of the frontier is set by a few among a few while others are held back through restrictions, today's asymmetries and divide would aggravate and a safety agenda would turn into a strategy of technological exclusion.
1:00:24The risks of uncontrolled AI would be born by all. decisions on how to manage them cannot rest with a handful of companies or capitals. Mr. President, therefore it is critical to avoid fragmentation in AI development and governance, discriminatory agendas and inequitable forums with select representation are not
1:00:51helpful. Importantly, all relevant issues concerning the development and and deployment of AI as well as its broader implication should be taken up comprehensively in representative and inclusive forums with universal participation under the UN opaces. We welcome the convening of the first UN global dialogue on AI governance this
1:01:17year late in Geneva. Mr. President Pakistan extends this support to all collaborative efforts at the international arena to reap benefits of AI and address challenges in a cooperative manner. In this respect, we were happy to join as founding member of the China's initiative of establishing the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization as this represents a concrete step towards
1:01:47promoting the development of artificial intelligence for good and for all. Mr. President, for such a wide ranging and fast developing technology, confidence building measures play a vital role in the maintenance of international and regional peace and security. Practical tools designed to reduce mistrust, prevent accidental escalation and manage risk related to military and foundational AI system are necessary for peace and security. Mr. President
1:02:20Pakistan reaffirms its commitment to advance international cooperation in the area of artificial intelligence. We look forward to working closely with member states in efforts to help bridge the global AI divide and promote equitable access to advance peace and development for all. I thank you Mr. President.
1:02:41I thank his excellency Mr. Darf for the statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Lars look as sen minister foreign affairs of Denmark.
1:02:50President at th out said I want to express my appreciation to France and to you foreign minister Bahu for having convened uh what I think is a very very timely session on this uh significant topic. Let me also thank Mr. Benj for briefing us and for your work in the United Nations scientific panel on AI and thank you also Mr. Oldman, Mr. Amod and Mr. Dong in particular as practitioners and and leaders in this field for your insightful reflections.
1:03:20You are at the forefront of the new frontier and we very much welcome your participation today. Today artificial intelligence is constantly developing and reaching capabilities we are only I can only talk for myself but I think also generally speaking we are only beginning to understand. There's no doubt that AIdriven technologies have the opportunity to strengthen and promote international peace and security and development, especially in light of
1:03:48the recent giant leaps forward in the capabilities of AI. The growing emergence of AI technology offers the potential to support this council's mandate. For instance, to enhance peaceuilding and peacekeeping through information verification, early warning, and in support of planning and operating the missions in areas where the UN is denied access, satellite technology and AI software programs have helped the UN identify patterns of attacks and destruction of essential
1:04:22civilian infrastructure.
1:04:24Such information can play a vital role in alerting the security council. It can help us all to take timely action and prevent crisis from escalating.
1:04:35At the same time, we must recognize the risks presented by the development, use and misuse of new and emerging AI technology, in particular, frontier AI models and lack of human control. This is the aim behind the call for control of frontier AI models initiated by Finland and Norway and already supported by a number of countries including Denmark. We need global com cooperation on this agenda. Mr. President, the
1:05:05tension between on the one hand the important opportunities and on the other hand the risk defines one of the most urgent challenges of our time and why that's why I think this discussion is very timely. Overcoming these challenge requires global AI governance u strengthened international cooperation and determined action without widening the global digital divide. The UN's global dialogue on AI governance is an
1:05:33important first step.
1:05:36Governance and regulation of AI are high on Denmark's agenda, including regulation of large uh tech companies. These efforts are not breaks on innovation and growth. They are, I think, essential efforts to ensure that technological progress serves the public interest and humanity in general. The unprecedented speed of AI innovation demonstrates the need for safeguards to ensure AI systems remain safe, remain secure and trustworthy. Uncontrolled new technology could lead to dangerous and harmful effects.
1:06:18We are already seeing how they pose new threats, including to those who protect civilians in conflict. Above all, the medical mission. So Denmark underlines uh the importance of ensuring the responsible use of AI and that the use of AI is in accordance with international law. In this regard, we call on all states to ensure human control of AI and accountability for the
1:06:44development and use of AI, not least in the military domain where accountability is absolutely essential. Mr. President, Denmark will continue to support the meaningful engagement of the security council and promote an inclusive multistakeholder approach to AI governance. Civil society and the private sector must play leading roles.
1:07:08Science and evidence must always inform our uh policies. We see the independent international scientific panel as an important contribution to credible and evidence-based AI governance. The panel provides us with a common scientific reference point. So, Mr. President, in in in in closing, we need to consider how AI can contribute positively to shape international peace and security
1:07:35and bridge global digital divides. At the same time, we must remain cleareyed of the significant risks and start building some strong u guard rails so we can manage the global risk in due time.
1:07:54I thank his excellency Mr. Esmson for his statement and I now give the floor for Carlos, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Panama.
1:08:07Thank you, Mr. Minister, Mr. President.
1:08:10We thank France for convening this important meeting. Moreover, we thank Mr. Yoshua Benjio, co-chair of the independent scientific panel of the United Nations on artificial intelligence, Mr. Sam Alman, CEO of OpenAI, Mr. Dario Amade, CEO of Anthropic, and Mr. Clemont Dong, CEO of Hugging Face, for their valuable presentations.
1:08:40Although today's meeting invites us to consider the risks caused and exacerbated by artificial intelligence for Panama, it is necessary to begin this statement by highlighting its potential to transform the world in which we live.
1:08:57The capacity of these technologies to analyze enormous amounts of information, identify patterns, generate increasingly sophisticated videos, images, and code, to automate tasks, and to support planning and decision-making processes are all evidence of a transformation that is already underway, the scope of which we are barely beginning to understand. These tools have a wide
1:09:25array of applications that can benefit humanity. In Panama, our own national artificial intelligence strategy is identifying opportunities in sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, education, and logistics where these technologies can offer solutions which just a few years ago would have seemed unimaginable.
1:09:47And it is specifically in this area of progress where if applied to other purposes, we also see the main risks emerging. Artificial intelligence can also be used to amplify disinformation campaigns to allow for cyber attacks against critical infrastructure and to facilitate access to knowledge for the development of weapons among other uses that are already a threat to international security. And these risks
1:10:16are not hypothetical scenarios. We are beginning to see them come to pass in situations that are directly related to this council. There are recent reports on the use of artificial intelligence by non-state actors to develop guidance and navigation systems for rockets and missiles. On top of that, there are reports of autonomous weapons being used that are able to navigate and select targets completely independently or with very limited human intervention.
1:10:47It is precisely this growing autonomy which raises one of the most serious concerns that was noted in the concept note for this meeting. That is the possibility that the evolution of these systems could exceed our ability to maintain effective human control of them.
1:11:04There are decisions which by their very nature cannot be reduced to a statistical result, a statistical outcome. When human lives are at stake, it is vital that ethical, legal, and contextual considerations be taken into account, which no calculation or algorithmic system can replace.
1:11:25This concern for control is not limited to extreme scenarios. As we begin to use analysis produced by artificial intelligence to steer and guide our decisions, it is essential that those that are in leadership positions uh be able to understand how these tools have arrived at a certain recommendation, what information underpins that recommendation, and what the margin of error is. Mr. President recognizing the risks of artificial intelligence does
1:11:53not mean ignoring the benefits that this technology is already providing our societies. The challenge is finding a balance that allows us to take advantage of these opportunities while also responding to the risks with uh responsibly. In that regard, Panama recognizes the important role of the International Scientific Panel on artificial intelligence to provide impartial and scientific information that can guide the discussions of the
1:12:22international community on these technologies. Equally, we welcome the initiative of the tech sector actors here present to proactively share information about specific cases of the misuse of these technologies and also about incidents in which their growing autonomy has generated concerns about the possible loss of human control of them.
1:12:48President, this meeting is evidence that in order to address the range of risks related to artificial intelligence, closer cooperation between states, the tech sector, and other relevant actors will be essential. To that end, it is essential that we establish mechanisms for a more structured and permanent exchange of information on emerging risks, incidents, misuse, and good
1:13:18artificial intelligence will inevitably continue to evolve and continue to transform the world in which we live and the testimonies that we've heard today are evidence of that. Our responsibility is to make sure that this progress continues to be in the service of people and that it contributes to the construction of safer, more peaceful, more prosperous societies with a perspective of equity that allows all of the nations of the world including the
1:13:46global south to participate and benefit from its development. Thank you very much. I thank his excellency for his statement and I now give the floor to his excellency Christos menopolis deputy minister for digital governance and AI of Greece.
1:14:03Mr. President, I wish to begin by thanking France along along with the briefers for their remarks and for bringing to the attention of the security council the crucial issue of the link between the rapid technological advances in the field of AI and international peace and security. A subject that we will also tackle during our presidency. AI is already changing the way we think about international peace and security. It can help us
1:14:31prevent conflict, improve early warning, and make UN operations more effective. But it also creates risks that we are only beginning to understand. For Greece, our starting point is clear. AI must remain humanentric, secure, and trustworthy. It development and use must respect international law including the UN charter, international humanitarian law and international human rights law and human responsibility and accountability must remain at the center of our approach. Our national approach combines innovation with governance.
1:15:06Greece has established the special secretariat for AI and data governance, implemented the national law for the EU AI act, and is investing in strategic infrastructure including the supercomputer and the Faros AI factory.
1:15:22In April 2025, together with France and the Republic of Korea, Greece organized an area formula meeting on harnessing safe, inclusive, and trustworthy AI for the maintenance of international peace and security. Today's discussion give us an opportunity to take that conversation further. Allow me to make three points.
1:15:43First, we need to better understand the risks. AI can process enormous amounts of information and help us make better informed decisions. But speed is not always an advantage. In situations of crisis, AI can compress the time available for decisions and encourage excessive reliance on automated outputs. As AI increasingly enters decision-making processes, we must ensure that greater speed does not come at the expense of sound human judgment.
1:16:15These concerns become even more serious when AI enters military decision- making. Technology can assist human judgment. It cannot replace it. Responsibility and accountability for critical decisions must always remain human. Nowhere in is this more important than in the nuclear domain. We must be extremely cautious about not integrating AI into nuclear command and control. The risk of miscalculation and unintended escalation are simply too great. Decisions of such consequence must remain under human control.
1:16:51Second, we need practical ways to reduce these risks. This starts with dialogue. We need greater transparency, confidence building and a better common understanding of how international law applies to the development and use of AI. Important work is already under way.
1:17:09The reaim process and the political declaration responsible military use of AI and autonomy have helped advance the international discussion on responsible military uses of AI. The United Nations has an essential role in bringing these different efforts together. The Security Council also has a role to play not in regulating technology and not in duplicating the work of other UN bodies.
1:17:35Our responsibility is to understand what these technologies mean for international peace and security and to act when those implications fall within our mandate. Third, addressing risk should not mean holding back innovation.
1:17:51We should make use of the opportunities AI provides while putting appropriate safeguards in place and we cannot have this discussion without those who develop and use these technologies. We therefore support close engagement with academia, civil society and the private sector alongside states and the United Nations. Such engagement should be inclusive, geographically representative and gender balanced. Mr. President, AI
1:18:21will increasingly affect international peace and security. We cannot stop technological change, nor should we seek to. But we can work together to ensure that human beings remain responsible for decisions that matter most. For Greece, this means keeping international law, human responsibility, and accountability at the center of our approach. It also means keeping this council focused on its primarily responsibility, the
1:18:49maintenance of international peace and security. So, Greece will continue to work with all members of the council towards this objective. Thank you.
1:18:59I thank his excellency Mr. Demanopulos for his statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Ali Muhammad Omar, state minister for foreign affairs of Somalia. Mr. President, I thank France for convening this timely debate. I also thank Mr. Banio, Oldman, Almadeo, and Dingua for their insightful briefing.
1:19:27Artificial intelligence is no longer only a technological or a developmental issue. is our current reality. Rapidly transforming society, economies and our approach to peace and security. It is role in a cyber operationist disinformation, critical infrastructure and military decision making places it firmly within the United Nations mandate.
1:19:53We must prevent AI from becoming a driver of a conflict while actively supporting its responsible use in early warning, crisis prevention, peacekeeping, humanitarian action and civilian protection. In that vein, four core principles should guide us. Number one, first the human responsibility must remain absolute. AI must operate strictly within the framework of international
1:20:23law the purposes and the principles of the UN charter and the respect of her human rights and human dignity. States cannot delegate legal, ethical and moral accountability to an algorithmist. We welcome the declaration affirming that AI must remain under human direction, insight and control. This principle is indispensable in decision involving the use of force, autonomous weapon system and nuclear command and control. Second, safety must must come before a deployment.
1:21:03Recent incidents involving AI agent reportedly bypassing safeguards, concealing their actions and obtaining unauthorized access raises a serious question about whether existing controllers can keep base with the increasing autonomous systems. Private companies develop and control many of these systems, but commercial incentives cannot determine how much risky a human must accept. We therefore support a mandatory incident reporting, layered technical safeguards, independent audits and measures to mitigate algorithmic bias and protect vulnerable populations.
1:21:50When agreed capability threshold are crossed, deployment must be suspended until risks can be reliably managed. The Secretary General's proposal to explore an international institution capable of setting standards enabling verification and convening states when such threshold are crossed deserves a careful consideration. Third, governance must
1:22:18address Africa's specific vulnerability and ensure equitable access. Limited computing infrastructure, unreliable connectivity, shortages of specialized expert and fragmented regulatory capacity constrain the the ability of many African states to evaluate advanced systems. modelist train it on a foreign data may misrepresent African language
1:22:47and context while synthetic synthetic data can inflame a social tensionist interfere in a fragile be processes and undermine elections. Africa cannot remain merely a market for system systems developed elsewhere, a source of a road data or a testing ground for a technology it did not help govern. We must we must prevent new forms of technological dependency and digital digital coloniz colonialism by supporting a regional framework particularly partnership with African
1:23:30Union and strategies like the ban African AI initiative. Developing countries require a targeted international cooperation, financing to bridge the digital and infrastructure, energy and skills divide alongside access to local data sets, evaluation tools and computing power. Ensuring every nation has the right to develop, choose and assess AI technology is essential for a national digital sovereignty and our shared global
1:24:04stability. Fourth, the United Nation must serve as the main global as the main general for global govern AI governance. Somali supporters international normies anchored in the universal legitimacy of the UN rather than fragmented rules established by small number of technological advanced states and private corporations that risk reinforcing existing global inequalities. Global governance must uphold a people centered approach that directs AI toward human well-being and common good.
1:24:42developing regional regionist Africa in particular must must be granted a genuine representation and a voice in these multilateral processes alongside the institution institutional and technological capacity to evaluate AI systems independently rather than relying on external determination. The measures of our success will not be the sophistication
1:25:10of our declaration, but whether we prevent the first AI enabled crisis from becoming the next international conflict. The power of AI intelligence does not entail inevitable outcome. It shaped and and and given meaning by our values and our choices. The technology is advancing quickly. Our collective responsibility must advance faster. I thank you.
1:25:39I thank his excellency Mr. Omar for his statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Ed Milliband, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Uh Minister Secretary of State for Foreign Commonwealth and Development Affairs of the United Kingdom.
1:25:52Uh can I really thank you for convening this very very important uh session? And I also want to put on record my thanks to the expert speakers uh who have provided such an illuminating uh contribution uh to this session.
1:26:06I think we should stand back and take stock of what confronts us uh in this session of the security council because AI is a technology which undoubtedly has the power to transform our world for the better. I'm sure we all see it in our daily lives. We see it in all of our countries. But today the founders of this technology are coming to us with a stark warning. They are telling us not
1:26:34just that they relish the chance of this technology to do good, but they fear its ability to do harm. They are telling us in stark terms that it cannot just be left to them to prevent disaster from befalling the world. I say today we cannot ignore them because they are right.
1:27:03Because we cannot abdicate our responsibility to our citizens. Because we cannot outsource to private companies the first duty of government to protect our people. Whatever the issue, this security council was founded to address the great collective challenges of our time. So it is for governments for governments as many of the people who have made contributions today from the tech world have said for all of us
1:27:33around tables such as this to work together and together with industry to deliver in the interests of the people that have sent us here and that is what the UK government is committed to doing. We must start with safety. This means working harder to ensure frontier AI models are rigorously tested and building a system of assurance around model development to allow us to establish trust that models are safe.
1:28:01Second, transparency.
1:28:03The companies building the models cannot simply be left to their own devices. Governments must have the visibility to understand and assess what AI companies are doing. The leading AI companies have actually committed to provide this visibility. It's really really important and it is an offer that we and they should follow through on. Third, resilience. We have to harden our defenses to reduce the impact of AI enabled incidents.
1:28:34Even if we test every model, we must be prepared for AI to be misused. That includes boosting our cyber defenses, protecting critical infrastructure, and reinforcing our financial systems. And we must support our populations to manage and adjust to the disruption that AI will bring to how we live and work, as well as to harness its incredible benefits.
1:29:00I say today that the UK will play its full part in this process. We established the first AI security institute which shares its leading expertise, testing capabilities and research working handin glove with the United States and the leading labs on AI safety. As our prime minister set out yesterday, the UK will put AI at the heart of its G20 presidency next year.
1:29:23Building on our track record of bringing the right people together on this issue, breaking down silos between government, industry, researchers, and civil society. delivering on the potential of AI for good and dealing with the risks whether in terms of the future of jobs, protecting children, cyber security, biocurity, national security or financial stability as we also work to agreeing to working towards agreeing a set of a single set
1:29:52of global principles and standards to ensure the transparency and access necessary to increase our preparedness to ensure that AI development is safe and as the previous speaker said to seize potential for the global south and global north alike. Let me just end on this uh point. I think overall this is not a choice between progress and
1:30:20safety. We are only going to be able to innovate and capture the extraordinary benefits of AI which I'm sure we all share in this room if people have confidence that the right safeguards are in place. So together we must take whatever meas measures are necessary so that AI is secure, safe and trustworthy while still advancing its incredible potential to drive growth, cure disease and transform people's life chances. I
1:30:47end on this point finally. We can't say we haven't been warned. We have been warned by the people who have founded this incredible technology with its huge potential for good. We must act on their warnings and we must act on their warnings together.
1:31:10I thank his excellency Mr. Milliband for his statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Michael Katzio, assistant to the president and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, United States.
1:31:26My sincerest thanks to the Republic of France as president of the Council. Distinguished colleagues, I am grateful for another opportunity to discuss the most consequential technological development of our time, super intelligence, formerly known as AI. Our primary responsibility is to ensure that continued advances in super intelligence benefit our citizens and safeguard their liberty and way of life. The frontier of intelligence is advancing rapidly.
1:32:00That is not a reason to pause its further development or to constrain it with new global governance structures. As the leader in frontier super intelligence, the the US has taken actions to ensure we are able to keep the frontier moving safely and responsibly.
1:32:19We've engaged Frontier Labs on testing and evaluation of new model capabilities, established cyber security clearing houses for coordination on vulnerability mitigation, and clarified the existing law enforcement tools available to address harmful uses of super intelligence.
1:32:38Internationally, the United States is committed to diplomacy and dialogue on emerging technologies, but international dialogue in this forum and in others cannot be allowed to drift towards global governance. As President Trump said before the General Assembly yesterday, the United States totally rejects any attempt to construct a globalist scheme of control of super intelligence.
1:33:04Only weeks ago, G20 innovation ministers reached consensus on the Carolina principles, agreeing that countries should preserve national sovereignty in the governance of emerging technologies, not abdicate responsibility to international bodies. The American people's representatives will legislate and regulate on the American people's behalf. You should do the same for your people. Only through an open cooperative ecosystem built on sovereign infrastructure and domestic capacity can the world realize this technology's potential.
1:33:41US international efforts seek to build that capacity by sharing our technology and providing the tools for adoption. We want you, our allies and partners to share in the benefits from this technological revolution. That is the purpose of our exports program. The US is the only technology superpower willing and able to truly empower partner nations in your pursuit of a sovereign super intelligence capability.
1:34:11American companies will work with you to build gold standard secure infrastructure and help you implement the applications and development the tools and capacity you need to serve your people. In this era, technology sovereignty is realized in technology adoption. If you take the risks and benefits of super intelligence seriously, the most important thing you can do is to develop your country's ability to understand and use it. Deploy it widely. Build expertise inside your government.
1:34:45Prepare your institutions and regulators. Understand what these systems can and cannot do. You cannot govern a technology you do not understand. This body and others like it should focus on sharing best practices to build domestic capacity, not establishing a global regulatory scheme.
1:35:06It is through a policy of permissionless innovation, a tireless pursuit of the frontier, and an optimism about the future of technology that the United States built the greatest innovation ecosystem ever known to man. For 250 years, the American character has sought a virtuous balance between innovation and safety, independence and security. Super intelligence is the latest in that long series of challenges and opportunities.
1:35:35In the service of humankind, it can become the greatest engine of growth and prosperity in history. A prosperous future will not be secured by a global regulator. It will be secured by sovereign nations that adopt super intelligence, responsible companies that build it and free people who refuse to be ruled by fear. Thank you.
1:36:00I thank his excellency Mr. Katius for his statement. I now give the floor to his excellency Mr. Sheikh Abdullahbin Ali al- Khalifa, acting under secretary for political affairs in the ministry for foreign affairs of Bahrain. Mr. President, allow me at the outset to express sincere thanks and appreciation to the friendly French Republic for convening this important session. I also extend my thanks to Mr.
1:36:29Benjio, co-chair of the UN Independent Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence, Mr. Altman, CEO of Open AI, Mr. Amod CEO of Anthropic and Mr. Dong CEO of Hugging Face for their valuable briefings.
1:36:52Mr. President, discussing the implications of artificial intelligence is no longer a matter of intellectual interest. It has become an urgent necessity dictated by this council's responsibilities for maintaining international peace and security. Guided by this principle, the Kingdom of Bahrain emphasized in the statement delivered by his Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Hammed al- Khalifa, Crown
1:37:20Prince and Prime Minister during the 79th session of the General Assembly. The importance of concluding an international treaty to govern the development of artificial intelligence and ensure that it serves as a force for innovation rather than destruction.
1:37:37Consistent with this approach, Bahrain recently had the honor of co-hosting an interactive dialogue with France and Latvia on harnessing this technology for conflict resolution. Mr. President, we stress that the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence expands the scope of security threats, particularly when these technologies are exploited by terrorists and criminal groups.
1:38:05As the autonomy of these systems grows, we emphasize the need to maintain human oversight and accountability at the core of decisions with serious security implications and ensure their full compliance with international law and international humanitarian law.
1:38:23Unlike automated algorithms, only humans exercise reason, responsibility, and conscience and possess the ability to discern complex contexts. At the same time, we must not overlook the immense opportunities to harness artificial intelligence to enhance early warning systems, monitor indicators of tension, support mediation efforts, and improve effective peacekeeping operations. We
1:38:51also stress the need for bridging the digital divide and facilitating technology transfer to ensure that all nations can benefit from these capabilities. In conclusion, we stress the need for the Security Council to hold to hold more regular and systematic discussions on artificial intelligence. These discussions should complement broader UN efforts to address frameworks for the development and testing of these models in line with international law.
1:39:21We stand ready to contribute to advancing these discussions to build a responsible and balanced international approach. One that places humans at the heart of decision making and ensures that the innovations we create today continue to serve the fe the peace we all strive to uphold in this council. Thank you, Mr.
1:39:50I thank his excellency al Khalifa for his statement and I now give the floor to the representative of Latvia president.
1:40:00Thank you Mr. President.
1:40:02First of all I would like to thank the French presidency for convening this meeting on an important and extremely urgent subject for international security. briefers, Professor Yosha Benjer, Sam Alman, Dario Amade and Clemon Deong for the enlightening assessment and also the proposals for safe development of the AI. Uh, President, the rapid piece of AI development is already having profound impact across all domains including international peace and security.
1:40:37Alongside the extraordinary opportunities that AI offers, we also see growing risks manifesting both in peace time and in conflict settings. This is a moment for collective action as we hear today and as highlighted in the call for control of frontier AI models initiated by Norway and Finland issued on Monday 2 by sec 22nd world leaders including the president of Latvia.
1:41:08We believe that the security council has a responsibility to ensure that the implications of AI for international peace and security are fully considered without duplicating work undertaken in other four of course but today's discussion demonstrates the council's ability to convene member state science and industry leaders to address this pressing matter. President, two distinct sources of AI related risks
1:41:38for peace and security are becoming evident. Both demand our attention. First are the risks stemming from the misuse of AI by state and non-state actors in includes application of AI in malign cyber activities, information manipulation and even attempts to acquire destructive capabilities such as biological weapons. Second, a more novel and complex challenge as outlined by the briefers and the recent reports stems from the technology itself such as
1:42:13misalignment and risk of loss of control. Such behavior risks are source of new forms of vulnerability including to critical infrastructure. Alarmingly, recent incidents indicate that not not only can AI systems act contrary to human intentions and interests, but they are becoming better at manipulating and deceiving humans as they do so.
1:42:38These challenges are not an isolated matter as they add to the already complex international peace and security landscape. actions by misaligned AI may fuel further tensions and miscalculation due to the difficulty to track, verify, and attribute them. The increasing use of AI and autonomous systems in the military domain poses additional dilemmas, particularly where reliability, control, and escalation
1:43:08President, responsible action starts at the industry level, but also with governance, clear guard rails, and capable institutions. A multistakeholder approach is essential to manage risks and build trust in AI through transparency and accountability through establishment of adequate safety protocols for the development and use of AI systems through independent evaluation through connecting the government's mandate economic expertise civil society and industry innovation and all these require international cooperation
1:43:46coordination norms. reform setting exchange of best practices and capacity building is key to bridge the divide and foster interoperability. The convening of the UN global dialogue on AI governance and the establishment of the independent scientific panel on AI are important steps.
1:44:05Our further efforts should keep up with the pace of development of frontier AI technologies as highlighted in the call for control of frontier AI models. We need an open-minded approach by the UN member states to build on current international mechanisms and explore developing new ones. The overall objective should be to ensure that technology serves people, safeguards fundamental rights and freedoms and delivers benefits that do not come at the expense of
1:44:34uncontrollable risks. If there is one thing that we should be able to agree on, AI must remain under human direction, oversight, and control.
1:44:45President, uh, considering its role in maintaining international peace and security, this council must remain actively engaged in assessing the implications of AI for global peace and security. With this technology become becoming increasingly relevant to the council's work in the area of conflict prevention and resolution, proactive approach is necessary. and building on the recent council's inform informal in interactive dialogue on on AI that or
1:45:13was organized by Latvia and France and supported by Bahrain and Greece. We are committed to taking further concrete steps. For instance, establishment of council's informal expert group that would enable more in-depth council analysis on the impact of the impact of AI related technologies on international peace and security and the implementation of the council's mandate. Latia will continue to work with interested partners on the council in the coming month. I thank you.
1:45:45I thank the permanent representative of Latia for her statement. I now give the floor to the permanent representative of Colombia.
1:45:56Thank you, Mr. President.
1:46:00Colombia considers that here. We are not discussing the the benefits of artificial intelligence but um really it is the risks that come to the four the uncontrollable in of unavoidable risks and quite clearly following the briefings that we have heard the risk for humanity. Mr. President, we cannot ignore bluntly the report that we have heard is the first time this security council and is on the record for history has heard a case where machines commit crimes.
1:46:48This is not just a random mistake. other person if will be other company even state secrets. Please try to convey the idea for those that produce intelligence or artificial intelligence that the large part of the planet does not and as such the critical infrastructure including cyber security systems will be exposed.
1:47:16If you read the cases that were explained to us today, we will know that it will be a crime even against the state if this will take place at a state level and it can happen. The second element uh for us and perhaps the major concern is that we haven't framed the issue correctly and we must make a refrain of the issue.
1:47:48I do not think and Colombia does not think that the issue here is to limit human innovation but machine innovation. And I explain my words here. Different reports has telling us that we face two risks. One is misalignment and the other is the loss of control. when it comes to misalignment is that the machines are separating or are finding ways to cheat break the instructions that were given
1:48:26by humans that is the agents AI agents are able to do this repeatedly systematically and uh so far even in the cyber security case that we analyze they were able to reach internet and finds way ways to cheat the system. Other times they are able to find out passwords and thousands of messages even against the company
1:48:55that was testing this uh machines in the sense box. But the other one and the one that should be very very concerning for this council is the loss of control. So we would like to go with you with a logical narrative. We are telling us today that AI has an immense capability to storage information that is far far away from human capability.
1:49:29We are knowing now that given the models that we are adapting but also the design of the algorithm and the paths that we open in that design. These capabilities also allow to involve a different type of reasoning each day more complex interdisciplinary. In other words, soon there won't be any human capable of following the operation, the development of what we are creating.
1:50:06In the first days of the models, we notice how the machine were able to pass a bar exam in three months, a medical license exam in three months. So there are no humans that we know that can do that. But at this state of the art of the technology, we are facing a different type of situation which is a pass from human mistakes to
1:50:33machines random mistakes and we have to be aware of the risks that we are facing and assuming if that is the path we choose to take. You see the critical issue here is to know as a security council what are we regulating, why we need to regulate it and why we should do it.
1:51:01Most importantly, Colombia understands the position of the United States and shares partially its practical approach which is an international body oversign the sovereign production of AI is impractical for two basic reasons. There are of course constitutional and national security reasons in every country. So
1:51:29the legal battle will be overwhelming. But secondly, if one country stops, the other says I do not. Especially those that are leading the race. For the rest of humanity, the concerns and for those that are behind but will soon catch up. The concern is what we do next. And that's where our country can perhaps offer a different approach.
1:51:59And again, no between an inelectable choice between safety and development, but perhaps a way to make sure that all humans on Earth are included. Not just by shedding or as we use the term adapting our countries because it seems to us in the global south that when we call about adapting is to buy a product that we will not produce and once we buy the product we can adapt our structures and infrastructures.
1:52:39Again, partially true, but many of these countries will face an undeniable gap that will extend even a century between another country and the other if we do not participate of the production of AI. That's one issue and that's a very very important issue for the global south.
1:53:01We do not believe that just by adapting our infrastructure, by making it safer, we will also get rid of of the lateral and collateral problems. And that's when we come to the point today we could lose millions of jobs. That is a possibility that is being entertained even in developed countries. We have seen how AI start
1:53:29writing the code and that for us is perhaps the only place that we should start the regulation because no one discusses no one would say that AI is not beneficial for research, health development, technology, communications, uh cure diseases etc. Well, the benefits are wide now and we are not trying to
1:53:58stop it. But it seems that we are reaching a new step on AI and the US is right. This is super intelligence for one particular reason only. We are about to take the step that a greater and potentially more complex technology uh quantum technology will boost artificial intelligence in the design in the model in the modeling and the development.
1:54:28So the risks that we are facing today I want to call the attention of the the council are pre-quantum risks. So that is before we reach that that state but we are very very close to reach that state. But the concerning side for us and perhaps this is what we will offer as a different approach rather than thinking of an international oversight.
1:54:54The Security Council is concerned because this technology has the potential to disrupt and create not just more inequality across the planet including violence but also development gaps that will lead us to other types of conflicts including global migration etc. So we propose to you, we submit to
1:55:23you uh an important consideration in which perhaps we can start just for that domain because this is it. This is the moment. Autonomous design and autonomous development. This is what is really really at stake here.
1:55:42Should we allow that machines, AI agents take the next step that are showing by the experiments that are showing by the cases they present to us and that we that had been published actually not just today there are many article journals these are everywhere that tell us how the the machine finds another way a different way different than humans when we lose control one of
1:56:09the major risk of risk management here which is once we do no longer understand what the machine is doing because if we go to super intelligence and we do not possess as humans such a capacity we are assuming that we are controlling something that we cannot uh understand and one of the main elements for this
1:56:37technology and I listen to the all interventions Today uh we want to make sure that this remain human. Well, you see that's the problem.
1:56:49The human brain needs to understand the information that has in front of it to make a decision. But it seems to us that we are soon going to leave that stage and we are going to leave that stage because the way the technology is being developed and this is not just a matter of ethical limits. We understand that that will be a contradictory for
1:57:16many and it will be also a problem in terms of legislation and regulations. Some might even see that as a rate tape etc. No, this is another step because if the machine is the one that starts leading the design, in other words, the methods, the paths, the outcomes, if this is not just and soon will not be a problem of the input and the unreachable goal. In other words, it seems now that the
1:57:52machine is trying to just get the goal done, get things done. And to do that is finding paths that humans usually do not take one and did not instruct to take yet it find a way and it cheats and it conceals the outcome and that is a concern of course. One is that is misalignment. The second one now however is that
1:58:20soon and Mr. Sam Oldman really really pointed out to this risk is that the autonomous development of artificial intelligence what really means is this that machines write the code that machines find the paths that machines establish solutions and again this is pre-quantum era so it will be naive at least to say to
1:58:48think that we will be able to even regulate something that soon we will not understand. And this is why perhaps this is the moment in history that all nations has to come together at least with one common goal. Let's keep it human. So we should agree that we want development. We might even agree that we don't want oversight.
1:59:15We should understand the the concerns in terms of sovereignity especially of the nations that have a greater scientific development. It is not their go their fault to be fully innovated capacities etc. But at least for the rest of humanity it should be important that we decide how far we go. This is again is is not an just an ethical country. We are not talking even about yet about human rights. some things some some
1:59:44countries think that we should in terms of private etc. No no no no this is the next step are we going to allow machines to build machines to to design their own AI and if we are there already and and and that's perhaps the most important element is for the countries to decide at least that because in practice uh Mr. President
2:00:15for many other countries particularly Latin American countries in practice this means a risk for the national production of many countries countries that that aren't producing artificial intelligence and those that have been invited to buy artificial intelligence and invest in it and probably Doing that would be the most logical path for them to modernize the infrastructure of each
2:00:43nation and make it as safe and secure as possible. But ultimately the question remains the same. If we have um um regulations even down to the production of a tire or a toothbrush, if we regulate the production of cars, if we um do that with nuclear weapons, the question remains the same
2:01:10in scientific progress including among the most important things the Einstein's uh the movement from from uh towards Einstein's special theory of relativity.
2:01:22We not only verified that time moves differently in different spaces, but we also came to understand the uh scientific that scientific precision is based on perception. And we changed the formula from constant velocity that did not include gravity to another one that did include gravity. And we reached a scientific understanding perhaps the most important one of the 20th century without which we would not have GPS for example.
2:01:47But there was one characteristic common to all of those cases, including the production of nuclear weapons. And that is that human beings were always in control. Human beings understood the risks. They knew what they were doing and they knew what they were producing and that's why they regulated it. The concern for countries such as Colombia isn't scientific progress. Colombia invites investment in artificial intelligence and wants data centers in its country.
2:02:23We are a strategic partner of various countries uh including the United States in particular and naturally we are interested in being part of this not just on the consumption side but also the production side of artificial intelligence and certainly um through the provision of rare earths as well. But there is something that goes beyond bilateral commercial or or national interests and that is the interests of humanity
2:02:52beyond our own time beyond our own generation generation and the time that is allotted to each and every one of us. We are here now and we need to ask ourselves this differentiated question right now.
2:03:10We are setting this precedent which in the view of a country such as Colombia seems to be delicate. We regulated nuclear weapons. We regulate the manufacturing of tires. We even regulate the provision of homes. Anything that could jeopardize the lives of the people that use those things is regulated. So why then would we not regulate something which soon we are not even going to
2:03:36understand? That makes no sense. Super intelligence is not just the ability to achieve that through scientific transformation, but also the ability to have that to know when we are no longer on the same level. Thank you very much, President.
2:03:57I thank the permanent representative of Colombia for the statement. I will now give the floor to her excellency, Miss TZ Wagner, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation, and Franco of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2:04:11Thank you very much, Mr. President, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, thanks Fran, thanks France as well as his excellency, Mr. Jean Noel Bahu, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs for having convened and shared this important meeting. I also thank the briefers for their contributions to our collective reflection. Our debate takes place at a pivotal moment. Artificial intelligence is no longer merely a matter of scientific progress or economic competitiveness. Because of the
2:04:40speed of its developments, the scope of its applications, and its growing integration into critical infrastructure and decision-making systems, it now raises questions that directly affect international peace and security.
2:04:55And this reality imposes a responsibility upon us. the responsibility to anticipate risks without hindering innovation to preserve the benefits of technological progress while preventing it from becoming an additional factor of instability, vulnerability and conflict. The United Nations have begun laying the foundations for this reflection. the work undertaken by the general assembly on safe secure and trustworth trustworthy artificial intelligence the
2:05:23establishment of the independent international scientific panel on AI and the global dialogue on AI governance as well as the security council's work on the implications of scientific and technological advances for international peace and security. All of these constitute important milestones. It is now our responsibility to go further from anticipation to prevention and from prevention to international cooperation that is commeasured with the transformations underway. Presidents,
2:05:51the risks we face are numerous. Increasingly capable and autonomous systems can create new vulnerabilities for critical infrastructure and decision-making processes. Their use in military and security contexts raises as fundamental questions of accountability, predictability, and human control. We must also remain vigilant regarding the unforeseen behavior of certain systems, the possibility of circumventing security safeguards, and the growing
2:06:23difficulties states may encounter in understanding, assessing, and regulating technologies whose capabilities are evolving at an unprecedented pace. These issues take on a particularly tangible dimension in conflict situations. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as in other theaters of crisis, surveillance technologies and drones already play a growing role in the operational environment. These technologies can contribute
2:06:51to reconnaissance, observation, and ceasefire monitoring. They can also be diverted for military reconnaissance, coordination, disinformation, or propaganda purposes. This ambivalis reminds us of an essential truth. No technology is in itself an instrument of peace or conflict. It is the framework within which it is designed, deployed and governed that largely determines its impact. That is why responsibility must remain at the heart of our reflection.
2:07:19States have a responsibility to establish appropriate legal frameworks, ensure effective oversight, and prevent risks that could affect international peace and security. Technology companies must also fully assume their share of responsibility, particularly through risk assessments prior to deployment, incident reporting, traceability, transparency, and maintaining appropriate human oversight.
2:07:49The scientific community and civil society must likewise be able to contribute their independent expertise and participate in the critical assessment of risks. But national responses, as necessary as they may be, will not suffice. Technological interdependence calls for shared responsibility. It requires closer international cooperation based in particular on the exchange of information concerning serious incidents and identified vulnerabilities, cooperation and evaluation and safety
2:08:18testing, as well as the establishment of communication channels among governness, government scientists, and technology stakeholders. President, for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this cooperation must also meet a fundamental requirement, that of inclusion. Developing countries cannot be reduced to the role of mere users of technologies designed elsewhere, nor should be the mere recipients of standards and norms that they did not adequately participate in shaping.
2:08:49They must possess the scientific, technical and institutional capacities that enable them to assess the technologies to which their populations and economies are exposed to participate in their governance and above all to contribute to innovation themselves. This requirement of inclusion leads us to consider artificial intelligence across its entire value chain.
2:09:11For despite its seemingly immaterial nature, the AI revolution rests upon profoundly material realities, infrastructure, energy, industrial capabilities, and strategic natural resources. This dimension is of particular importance to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. During its presidency of the security council last July, my country invited the council to reflect on how responsible, transparent and equitable governance of natural
2:09:40resources can contribute to conflict prevention, supply chain security and the emergence of shared prosperity. The AI revolution gives this reflection additional relevance. We must ensure that technological transformations of the 21st century do not reproduce the economic imbalances of previous decades.
2:10:05Countries supplying essential resources to the global economy while processing technology and most of the added value remain concentrated elsewhere. The security of supply chains cannot be separated from the prosperity of the populations at their source. That is why AI governance must also be approached from a logic of shared responsibility.
2:10:31Responsibility in the design of systems, responsibility in their use and responsibility within the value chains that make their development possible and also responsibility in the distribution of the benefits of technological progress.
2:10:47For the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the objective is clear. The resources that help make the digital revolution possible must also contribute to the development, economic transformation, industrialization, and strengthening of the technological capabilities of those countries that produce them. This is not merely a matter of development. It is also a matter of peace. When value chains are opaque and benefits are distributed unequally and when producing
2:11:15communities remain excluded from the prosperity generated by their own resources, economic vulnerabilities can fuel tensions and conflict economies. Conversely, when resources are governed responsibly, when local processing creates jobs and opportunities, and when populations genuinely share in the benefits of growth, supply chains can not only become more secure and resilient, but also chains of shared prosperity.
2:11:44Mr. President, it is precisely here that the Security Council can bring added value. It is not the council's role to replace the appropriate bodies responsible for developing the full range of technical rules relating to AI, but it is fully within the council's remmit to anticipate the risks that may affect international peace and security, to consider how new technologies transform conflict dynamics, to protect civilians, to encourage confidence
2:12:14building measures, and to ensure that technological transformations do not create new vulnerabilities that could fuel and stability. Our objective must therefore not be to choose between innovation and security any more than it should be to choose between natural resources and development. Our responsibility is to govern progress so that it serves humanity.
2:12:38As July under the presidency of the DRC, our council reflected on how to transform natural resources which are too often associated with conflict economies into instruments of peace, cooperation, and shared prosperity. Today, the AI revolution in another form puts us in front of a similar question.
2:13:00How can we ensure that technological progress reduces divisions rather than deepening them? How can we ensure that it strengthens states capacities rather than creating new dependencies?
2:13:11And finally, how can we ensure that value chains, the value chains supporting this revolution contribute to the peace and prosperity of the societies that make them possible for the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
2:13:23The answer must rest on three principles: shared responsibility, inclusion, and shared prosperity.
2:13:31As the capabilities of artificial intelligence advance, our collective capacity to govern them must advance alongside them. Because whether the subject is natural resources or artificial intelligence, the fundamental question remains the same. It is not only about what our resources and technologies enable us to do, but also about what we collectively decide to do with them and that is where our common responsibility begins. Thank you. I thank her excellency
2:14:01Miss Kwbo Wagner for the statement and I now give the floor to the permanent representative of China.
2:14:11Thank you, President. I thank France for convening this meeting and
