0:00people have concerns, you know, I think those are are are warranted as well because there are going to be risks that need to be managed along the way and I think that needs to be done very thoughtfully.
0:11But fundamentally, I mean I think that there there are a few big questions. One is do you kind of are we optimistic about having more capability more distributed to a lot of people and will that do we think that that's going to make it so that people can can improve their own lives and improve their own economic welfare. And then that I think is a big question is is is basically just
0:41this question of invention which is how much more do we think we have to invent and do individuals have to invent? And I think overall, if you have this view that we're pretty early in this, but I think most people have things that they want to see exist in the world, but that it's pretty hard to create today.
1:03And I think AI super intelligent systems and the agents that people have will basically just make it a lot easier for people to accomplish all of these these goals and create the different things that they want in their lives whether that's kind of improving things in their personal lives or creating new businesses, making scientific discoveries, learning new things when when you're a student. And all of that is just going to be a lot more possible.
1:28And I think if you have this view that there's way more to invent ahead of us, then you should be very optimistic that AI is going to help us do that.
1:39The alternative of course is that if AI can't help us invent things and instead is primarily a technology that's used to automate the current things that people can do without creating new things, then that has a lot of problems that I think have been have been discussed widely, but I think as long as you kind of have this belief that I do that there are a nearly infinite number of things that people want to invent and create in their lives um to improve their lives and drive
2:16when everyone will have the tools to create new things beyond what's possible today, and the economy will be more dynamic and generate more broad-based prosperity. And I think that's kind of what what you're talking about here. I mean, can you expand on that a little bit? I think that I think many times people view, as you said, AI as something that is just automating existing tasks versus, you know, actually inventing new things and bringing much broader broad-based prosperity.
2:41Yeah. So, and again, my philosophy is basically three things. One is that empowering individuals is the source of prosperity. Two is that the purpose of AI and superintelligence is invention, not automation.
2:58And three is that the foundation for safety in the future is achieving the right balance of power and having the technology diffused such such that you can set up the system of checks and balances rather than restricting it to only being available to a small number of people or companies or governments.
3:17So, in terms of the prosperity piece, I mean, I I basically think that if if you ask you know, most people have things that they want to create in the world. And the reality is that today it's just hard. I mean, we have a lot of good technology, but using the technology is also hard. Right? I mean, it's it's powerful, but you have to go learn how to use all these different tools. And one of the things that AI can do is it just stitches these these pieces together. And we're working on agents at
3:46Meta that we want to put in the hands of billions of the where they just understand your goals and can work 24/7 on your behalf um to help you achieve them, whether that's improving aspects of your personal life or um functioning almost as a sort of business in a box where you give it an idea, you steer it on the creative direction what you want to see, but it takes a lot of the the kind of basic technical aspects of
4:15of kind of running a a business. And um I think that this is just going to be a very powerful thing. So, I would expect that the cost of starting a business is going to go way down. It's going to take way less capital in the future, um maybe way less people to get started. And um therefore the shape of the economy going forward, I think that there are going to be a larger number of startups and a larger number of thriving small businesses. Um and I think that's a
4:43pretty good foundation for the economy. So, uh that's one that I'm pretty optimistic about. Now, I do think we're going to go through a period of change. I mean, the way that large companies work is is going to evolve. Um you know, not every part of that is going to be is going to be positive.
4:58We're going to have to make sure that we invest in making sure that that that people can use all these new tools, and that's something that we care a lot about. But but I do think that the ability to start new things is going to be immense, and that's going to lead to this very dynamic period. So, I think it leads to wanting to have policies that make it easy to create things, um easy to evolve and and change the the systems that we have today. Uh but yeah, I'm very optimistic about that. Uh there's the other part of this, which is in terms of skilled trades to build all the
5:28data centers that we need. And that's going to be you know, hundreds of thousands and maybe millions of of um of of jobs just because the demand for data centers is um is is immense. I mean, what we've basically found at Meta is that we don't have the like we can't find the volume of skilled trades people that we need to build the data centers even just that we as one company are trying to build. So, we created this program America's Workforce Academy that
5:58basically helps train people in skilled trades. I mean, we need way more carpenters, way more electricians, people who are skilled to build these complicated buildings. And um so we we offer this training program and we guarantee you a job building one of our data centers at the end if um uh if if if you get through it. And it's been a big success so far. So, I know things like that are going to be part of how we create um this upskilling in the economy, but overall my guess is that
6:26this is going to create way more jobs. I I just think it's um it's going to be a very dynamic period.
6:31Yeah, I think your point about um about workforces resonates with a lot of folks here here at this table cuz I think um sometimes when we think about the AI revolution, we're not thinking about the welders and the fiber technicians and the construction workers that all go into into build the infrastructure that supports it. Um and under the program that you guys launched, America's Workforce Academy, I think I think shows a different uh an important dynamic about how the private sector can be integrally involved in the in the training and skilling of of individual Americans. And it's something that I
7:00think if you roll back, you know, two or three decades was something that would was not even in the cards. So, um it's it's incredible work. I think I think one thing that I wanted to to kind of close with, which is is uh interesting to a lot of folks here is um is this this question of of open source. And you know, you've you've announced your plan to to open source Muse 1.2, which is the leading sort of American um um open source LM at the moment. So, are you committed to doing to more than this in the future or how how do you kind of how do you kind of think about the role that
7:28open source will play in in our uh in our ecosystem?
7:32Yeah, I mean, to me open source is one important part of making sure that the AI future and the prosperity is broadly shared by a lot of people. So, the probably the biggest part of what we need to do is build these kind of agents that I talked about and make sure that they're distributed to um to to billions of people so that way the the power and the capability of AI um should be something that everyone has, not um not just something that's restricted to to a small number of people. But, the ethos of open source is
8:02also very aligned with this philosophy and it's something that Meta's focused on for a long time as well. It basically puts the power in individual developers' hands so that way they're not just dependent on a small number of these uh frontier labs for uh what is an increasingly critical part of the applications and technology that they're building. So, I think that that's a very important part of what we do. Um at Meta, you know, we we build both open and closed
8:31models. We've had a long history of building open-source software. We felt that it's it's worked well. When you look at issues like cybersecurity, I think it's just very well established over decades that open-source systems end up being more secure because um there's more scrutiny on them, right?
8:47It's basically if more people can see how the thing works and can measure it and understand it, um understand where where it works well, understand where the defects are, patch it, then that leads to um systems that are more hardened over time and I think that that's going to be the case here as well. So, I I think that this is an important part of having a secure and safe future is both having the checks and balances that come from having the ecosystem that isn't just centered around a small number of frontier labs, but that where, you know, everyone from
9:16governments to startups to individuals can access models that they control, um and having that system kind of having the underpinning of it be something that everyone can scrutinize, I think is going to be more likely to lead to a safe future as well. So, um we will continue doing some open-source models.
9:32Um we kind of evaluate it on a model-by-model basis to understand whether the capabilities of what we're building are appropriate to open source at that point, but our philosophy in general is that we think that this is this is a really important ecosystem to make sure that we foster and you know beyond just what we release ourselves were very strong advocates that open source shouldn't be something that the people try to restrict or lock down. I think it's a very important part of creating a good future for everyone.
10:00Amazing. Well, thank you so much for your time and I encourage all the ministers here to certainly look into America's Workforce Academy. I think it's one of the a shining example in the US of how how we can come together to to train our our workers for the jobs of the future. So, thank you so much for your