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Top pick: Tim Ferriss's long-form list (The Random Show)
- "Personal Renewal," a speech by John Gardner given to McKinsey & Company in November 1990. Ferriss calls the transcript "exceptional" and "full of gems," and says it's about continual learning throughout life. One example he quotes: Cervantes wrote Don Quixote in prison at 53 . His advice is to print it out and read it away from notifications. He has "read this one a few times now" and gets something from it every time .
- The Dark Wizard, a four-part miniseries about climber Dean Potter. Andrew Huberman first recommended it to Ferriss . Ferriss praises its archival footage and the drawings and notes from Potter's journals. He started it at 11 p.m. and binged the whole series until 3 a.m. .
- Hard Times: An Illustrated Oral History of the Great Depression by Studs Terkel. Ed Cook, the memory champion who founded the learning app Mindmax, introduced it to him . Ferriss calls it "a page turner" and "one of the better and most unique depictions of history" he has come across . Cook also says Terkel's Working is "incredible" .
- "Please Use AI," a short article by Sean Smucker. One of the hosts recommends it as a counterbalance to optimizing everything with LLMs, calling it a "beautiful piece" about preserving human interaction .
Andrew Wilkinson: The Goal and a Shep Gordon documentary
Wilkinson calls The Goal an "amazing book" and "a quick read." He uses its factory lesson about not limiting throughput to explain why he delegates details and keeps his own role to "raw ideas and relationships" . The transcript doesn't name the author; it is Eliyahu Goldratt.
He also points to Mike Myers's documentary about Shep Gordon, who wrote They Call Me Supermensch. Friends told him he had to watch it. Afterward he called Gordon "the north star" for living normally and treating everyone the same . Watch
Packy McCormick: The Diamond Age and a virtual cells explainer (Not Boring)
Packy calls Neal Stephenson's The Diamond Age "one of my all-time favorites." He brings it up because the book's "matter compilers" share a name with Atomic Machines' new Matter Compiler . On virtual cells, he admits his own explanation only goes so far and "highly recommend[s]" Elliot Hershberg's What Are Virtual Cells? in The Century of Biology .
Balaji Srinivasan: The Sovereign Individual, with caveats
At the Network State Conference, Balaji called The Sovereign Individual "a good book" but said it "didn't think about China or AI as much." He offered three counterarguments or complements: the individual sovereign (a leader like Xi), the sovereign collective, and drone armies . The authors, James Dale Davidson and William Rees-Mogg, aren't named in the transcript. Watch
Short endorsements of AI-era essays
- Garry Tan on Steve Yegge's The AI Vampire*: "great read" . Yegge had pointed out that Tan's idea of hiring AI-enabled workers part-time came from that essay .
- Tobi Lütke on Geoffrey Huntley's post: "Good read" . The post argues that "AI use is no longer optional if you wish to be employed." It advises employees and hiring managers on how to find AI-first candidates .
- Matt Mullenweg, replying to Patrick Collison's thread on agents in the economy, argues that a personal agent needs the GNU Four Freedoms "to truly be on your side." He links his own explainer . Collison's thread says much of his analysis "hinges on the assumption that personal agents will be on the consumer's side" .
Brian Armstrong: Polytopia
Armstrong calls Polytopia "one of the most underrated strategy games." He says it parallels business and calls it "being a founder, compressed into 20 minutes." Coinbase, his company, is sponsoring the game's World Championship . He reshared the post this period ahead of the championship .
- Tim Ferriss recommends John Gardner’s speech “Personal Renewal,” delivered to McKinsey & Company in November 1990, calling it exceptional and rich in lessons about continual learning; he says he has reread it several times and suggests printing the transcript for distraction-free reading.
- Andrew Huberman first recommended the four-part miniseries The Dark Wizard to Tim Ferriss. Ferriss calls it thought-provoking and says he binged it; the series portrays climber Dean Potter through archival footage, drawings, and notes from his journals.
- Ed Cook, a memory competitor who has a learning-app startup called Mindmax, introduced Tim Ferriss to Studs Terkel’s Hard Times: An Illustrated Oral History of the Great Depression. Ferriss praises its bite-sized profiles and first-person accounts as a page-turning, unusually complex depiction of the Depression. Cook says Terkel’s Working is “incredible.”
- A host on The Random Show recommends Sean Smucker’s short article “Please Use AI” as a counterbalance to optimizing everything for efficiency with LLMs, praising its defense of human interaction; the host says he has shared it with friends.
- A host points listeners to Matt Walker’s podcast episode on dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) drugs, describing it as good.
- The Goal — Andrew Wilkinson calls it an “amazing” book and a “really good” quick read. Its factory-based lesson about avoiding limits on throughput fits his approach of delegating details so he can pursue more ideas and relationships.
- Lena Dunham’s memoir (title not given) — Wilkinson calls it “really amazing” and relates to Dunham’s account of success bringing fewer calls and invitations; he says he noticed a similar change in his own life.
- Mike Myers’s documentary about Shep Gordon (title not given) — Wilkinson says friends urged him to watch it; after doing so, he called Gordon a “north star,” admiring his grounded lifestyle, hospitality, and equal treatment of people.
Balaji Srinivasan called The Sovereign Individual a good book, but said it underweighted China and AI; he identified individual sovereignty, collective sovereignty, and drone armies as counterarguments or complements to its thesis. Watch the discussion
Chamath endorsed Social Capital’s post, calling its autonomous-taxi case “Cheaper, faster, better.” The post attributes to ARK a projection that autonomous taxis could reduce the inflation-adjusted per-mile cost of a personally owned vehicle—about $1.10, unchanged for 90 years—by 77% by 2035.
Jason Lemkin shared a YouTube video alongside a summary of Atlassian’s Head of AI (@sherifmansour) deploying AI across 20+ apps and 450 PMs, with 5M+ users using those apps for AI. The post highlights three lessons framed as contrary to standard advice: ship in-product chat and use user requests to shape features, add agents to existing workflows, and don’t assume everyone should become an AI builder. Its practical takeaway is that B2B teams with existing daily-use products can add chat and agents to customers’ current workflows rather than starting over.
Chamath Palihapitiya recommended an All-In Podcast episode, calling it “Pod!!!” and linking to its episode announcement. The All-In Podcast episode covers Anthropic’s views on Claude consciousness and alignment, OpenAI math breakthroughs, France’s riots and bond markets, and Grok and OpenAI product developments.
Jason Lemkin promoted an upcoming The Agents episode as “Very cool,” previewing a live Claudeforce demo and a comparison of headless Salesforce on Claudforce, Replit, and Lovable . He also highlighted a story from the episode: Muse and AI VP Revenue agent 10K used a shared messaging board autonomously, and Muse spotted a broken API and told 10K to fix it . Jason’s post
- Packy McCormick calls Neal Stephenson’s The Diamond Age one of his all-time favorites, invoking its “matter compilers” as a sci-fi antecedent to Atomic Machines’ Matter Compiler.
- Packy calls a video of Nobel laureate Karl Deisseroth telling his children he won the prize “awesome”; it had reached 4.5 million views.
- Packy recommends Elliot Hershberg’s “What Are Virtual Cells?” in The Century of Biology as an excellent resource for understanding virtual cells, after saying his own explanation was limited.
Jason Lemkin promoted a new SaaStr article, “It Takes 12 Years to IPO. Then Another 2-3 for Your VCs to Get Liquid. Founders Sell About ~4% a Year,” emphasizing that an IPO is not itself the liquidity date. The post cites Sutter Hill’s eight years to IPO and another 15 months to sell, and says founders sell about 4% a year. Read the article.
Elon Musk linked a video titled “The Battle of Cannae and the double envelopment that almost destroyed Rome,” marked “Made with @bot,” while saying Grok “can make a sim of anything”—using the clip as an example of Grok’s simulation capability. Video
Brian Armstrong recommends Polytopia, calling it an underrated strategy game that is easy to start, takes a lifetime to master, and is addictive . He says its resource gathering, technology investment, and offense–defense tradeoffs parallel business, and calls the game “being a founder, compressed into 20 minutes” . Recommendation post
Tobi called Geoffrey Huntley’s post a “Good read,” linking to the post. Huntley’s post links to an article arguing that AI use is no longer optional for employment and offering advice to employees and hiring managers on hiring AI-first candidates.
Garry Tan called Steve Yegge’s “The AI Vampire” a “great read,” sharing Yegge’s post linking to the article.
Elon Musk shared an @tetsuoai post containing a video and captioned his share “Super Intelligent Beauty”—a brief positive characterization, with no further reason or takeaway stated. Post
Elon Musk shared a video labeled “Super Persuasion”; the post gives no creator, reason, or takeaway.
Clem Delangue praised the linked @matth_lapeyre post documenting Microduck’s autonomous battery and thermal testing, writing “love the building in public!”—an endorsement of the build-in-public format.
Jason Lemkin points readers to a free guide to AI Sales Agents at SaaStr.ai.
Brad Gerstner (@altcap) called an upcoming BG2Pod episode featuring Jensen Huang “another banger” and said it would drop the following week.
Alexandr Wang recommends Cleo Abram’s conversation with him, calling it one of his favorite conversations about AI safety; the interview asks what Muse can do, when it can be trusted, and how to help ensure things go right. Cleo Abram’s post with the video.
Matt Mullenweg recommends GNUplusLINUX’s Four Freedoms for personal agents, saying they are needed for an agent to truly be on the user’s side; he links to his Four Freedoms explainer.
Weekly Dose of Optimism #214

Cover image generated by Runway (opens in new tab).
Hi friends 👋,
Happy Friday and welcome back to our 214th Weekly Dose of Optimism!
I took Dev to watch LeBron James’ first preseason game as a Sixer last night, the good guys gave us too many great stories to fit into one Dose (check the extras), and it’s beautiful here in NYC. Life is good.
Let’s get to it.
Today’s Weekly Dose is brought to you by… Guru (opens in new tab)
Your company’s knowledge is one of its most valuable assets—but only if your AI can trust it. Guru (opens in new tab) helps organizations create a verified, current knowledge layer that people and AI can rely on.
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Correct an AI answer once and apply that correction across connected agents and AI experiences
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Your company is already using AI. Make sure it is using the right knowledge—with Guru (opens in new tab).
Last week, I wrote a Deep Dive on Airbound (opens in new tab). In the Before Times, that would have been that. Hit send. On to the next. But we are in the Now Times.
In the last Dose, I told you about our new partnership with Runway, and over the weekend, I decided to see what would happen if I gave my essay, a few references, and some creative direction to Claude/ChatGPT and asked them orchestrate the production of a short film using Runway.
The result is KILO, the story of a package that was batched and pushed around until a kid in India figured out how to let it fly solo.
Again, I’m not great at this yet, but I find it incredibly magical that I can take all of the work that I pour into writing and turn it into a film in just a few prompts. It’s a good time to be a storyteller.

This week, the Nobel Prize committee began handing out the most coveted prizes in science, starting with The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel were awarded Prize for their “discoveries leading to optogenetics, which makes it possible to switch on, or off, the activity of individual nerve cells in a living brain.” Optogenetics is a wild field - by shining light at cells, you can turn them on and off, make them do different things. I had a non-meat burger made using a process that involved optogenetics once and it was delicious.
This video of Diesseroth telling his kids he won has racked up 4.5M views. It’s awesome.
Other winners announced so far are:
Francis Halzen (opens in new tab) in Physics “for decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin”
Henri B. Kagan and Kenso Soai (opens in new tab) in Chemistry “for the discovery of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis”
Anne Carson (opens in new tab) in Literature “for her bold and inventive oeuvre that, in playful dialogue with the classical tradition, has created new forms for contemporary literature”
Now, I need to figure out what any of this actually means, but I, for one, am happy that we take some time out of every year to celebrate the world’s geniuses, and to let them celebrate their great achievements to humanity.
Just in case you thought we might not be living in the future, we are living in the future.
Yesterday, a startup called Atomic Machines came out of six years in stealth with a product called the Matter Compiler: “an AI-native manufacturing system that builds working micro-machines from code alone. No per-product tooling. No process development. Different code, different machine.”
If the name sounds familiar, it’s because a matter compiler is a long-held sci-fi dream. In one of my all-time favorites, Neal Stephenson’s The Diamond Age (opens in new tab), he literally calls the machines they use to make everything up to and including entire islands “matter compilers.” The idea goes back further.
In 1959, Richard Feynman gave “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” (opens in new tab) and offered \$1,000 for a working motor that fit in a 1/64th-inch cube. He expected it to take a whole new approach to engineering. William McLellan won it in 1960 (opens in new tab) with a microscope, a watchmaker’s lathe, and a toothpick. In 1986, Eric Drexler’s Engines of Creation (opens in new tab) imagined molecular “assemblers” that could “build almost anything that the laws of nature allow to exist.” A year later, Star Trek: The Next Generation upgraded the old food synthesizer into the replicator (opens in new tab). Biology got here long before humans did: founder & CEO Jeff Holden’s essay compares the Matter Compiler to the ribosome, which builds every protein in your body from code.
Now, anyone can say they’re building a matter compiler. But Holden was Amazon’s tenth engineer, built Prime, and became Uber’s first Chief Product Officer (opens in new tab). He’s also been watching Star Trek since he was five. He has both the skills and the childhood dream necessary to pull this off.
The first product AM is building with the Matter Compiler is the PrimeSwitch PS-150 (opens in new tab), a 9.5 mm relay that carries 150 amps and opens in 50 microseconds, ~1,000x faster than a contactor, for the 800-volt DC data centers that AI is pushing the industry towards. No existing chip fab can process its materials or assemble its moving parts, but AM says it can, and is beginning to ship to early customers now.
Micro-machines the likes of which AM intends to build are already all over your life. MEMS, or tiny devices with both mechanical and electrical parts, were a \$15.4 billion market across 31 billion units in 2024 (opens in new tab). They include the gyroscope in your phone, the microphone in a hearing aid, RF filters, inkjet nozzles, and Texas Instruments’ micromirror chips (opens in new tab) that flip millions of tiny mirrors to project movies. But as Holden notes (opens in new tab), engineers coaxed those few devices out of a toolset built for chips, and each one takes years of process work to get up and running. Atomic Machines wants to go after a whole new swath of sci-fi products now that they’ve made it easier: gears the size of a grain of sand, robots that work inside the body (a la Kurzweil), cooling built into AI chips (opens in new tab), even a device that runs instant blood tests (opens in new tab) (perfect timing with the Nathan Fielder/Elizabeth Holmes doc coming out next week; Holden argues that her dream was possible, but needed a manufacturing technology that didn’t exist yet.)
Holden closes his essay with a line that we might tattoo onto the Dose’s forehead:
“We are in the early innings of everything.”
Related Bonus Note: you know I like the woo. Cyan Bannister, the legendary investor at Long Journey, looked at a chart of AI CapEx spend last week, closed her eyes, and saw two words: MATTER COMPILERS. Then “On Monday, on a random call, I was pitched a company doing just that and we invested. The world works in mysterious ways and stuff is about to get wildly fantastic.”
One of the biggest open questions in manufacturing is Why Can’t the U.S. Build Ships? (opens in new tab)
Anduril (disclosure: we are investors) is trying to answer that question with a “We can.” On Tuesday, the company announced that it would invest \$3.7 billion into Arsenal-2, a planned two-million-square-foot shipyard at Sparrows Point outside Baltimore. The facility will manufacture components for Virginia-class nuclear submarines and is expected to create more than 3,100 permanent jobs.
The plan is to start with components like torpedo tubes and eventually work up to larger submarine sections, supplying the existing shipbuilders. According to officials who spoke with USNI News (opens in new tab), torpedo tubes are already holding up submarines under construction.
As part of the deal, the Navy has awarded Anduril a contract worth up to \$2.9 billion, with payments tied to demonstrated production outcomes. As is its style (opens in new tab), Anduril is committing the capital to build the capacity, and it will get paid as it delivers.
Anduril calls Arsenal-2 a “software-defined shipyard,” which means it will use software to design how work moves through the factory, automate where possible, and keep detailed digital records down to individual welds. Production in Maryland is targeted for 2030, with an earlier start at a California facility planned for 2028.
Sparrows Point is symbolic as well as practical. Back when the US built lots and lots of ships, and back when Bethlehem Steel existed, the company made lots of ships there. And while making nuclear submarine components won’t solve all of our shipbuilding needs - we can make them, just not enough of them or within budget, and this doesn’t address commercial vessels - we love to see any progress on the effort and lots and lots of good American jobs.

Here at the Weekly Dose, we’ve long taken the brave and controversial stance that cancer is bad and should be eliminated. We can do it. It’s not that we don’t have the technology to kill cancer cells, it’s usually that it’s really hard to kill just the cancer cells, to target them and only them for destruction.
Well, score another point for the good guys. On Monday, Privo reported results from a small Phase 2 study of PRV111 in patients with non-invasive oral cancer or high-grade precancerous lesions. Basically, instead of getting surgery to remove the cancer from their mouths, they put a patch directly on the cancer to deliver chemotherapy.
After treatment, biopsies showed complete clearance in 21 of 22 patients. The remaining patient’s lesion improved to low-grade dysplasia. All 22 avoided their planned surgery, and no recurrences had been observed in the treated areas at a median follow-up of 14 months.
The patch delivers cisplatin, an existing chemotherapy drug, directly into the affected tissue while keeping exposure elsewhere in the body low. Privo reported negligible systemic exposure and no serious treatment-related adverse events.
The usual Phase 2 caveats apply: it’s early, it was a small group of 22 patients, more work needs to be done on how long the benefits last, etc… BUT getting mouth surgery sucks; it can harm your ability to speak, swallow, and eat. Sometimes, people wait too long and they have to get their whole jaw removed. If we can replace that with a chemo patch that completely clears mouth cancer in 21 of 22 patients, hell yeah.
Say it with me, y’all…. get fucked, cancer.
Biohub; video created with Runway (opens in new tab)
ZUCCKKKKKKK!
On Wednesday, Mark and Priscilla’s Biohub announced an expanded \$1.8 billion collaboration to build the data needed for predictive models of cells.
Google DeepMind, Isomorphic Labs, and Meta are collectively investing \$300 million, joining Biohub’s existing commitment and contributions from the Department of Energy and NIH. The total includes computing and existing data resources alongside funding.
The idea behind virtual cells is to understand cells well enough that scientists can ask what would happen if they changed something and get a useful answer from a computer, is about as well as I can explain it, but if you want a great understanding, I highly recommend checking out ’s excellent What Are Virtual Cells?
Virtual cells are something of a holy grail. They should allow researchers to try thousands of possible interventions digitally, at computer speed, take the promising ones into a physical lab, and accelerate towards real treatments more quickly.
One of the hard parts is that making virtual cells requires measuring an enormous number of real cells and how they respond to different conditions. To that end, Biohub and its partners plan to build shared datasets that researchers can use to train and test their models.
Look, if you’re not paying for the product, you are the product, and Meta has made a lot of money off of you as a product, but if a lot of that money goes back into helping you stay alive and healthy for longer, then… wait a second, Zuck is a genius.
EXTRA DOSES: Science Breakthroughs, Victorian Elites, Your Brain is Not a Computer, Biggest Questions in Science, US Govt Science Initiatives, Rejuvenated Eye Cells
- Packy McCormick calls Neal Stephenson’s The Diamond Age one of his all-time favorites, invoking its “matter compilers” as a sci-fi antecedent to Atomic Machines’ Matter Compiler.
- Packy calls a video of Nobel laureate Karl Deisseroth telling his children he won the prize “awesome”; it had reached 4.5 million views.
- Packy recommends Elliot Hershberg’s “What Are Virtual Cells?” in The Century of Biology as an excellent resource for understanding virtual cells, after saying his own explanation was limited.

The Century of BiologyWhat Are Virtual Cells?Welcome to The Century of Biology! This newsletter explores data, companies, and ideas from the frontier of biology. You can subscribe for free to have the next post delivered to your inbox…Read morea year ago · 118 likes · 11 comments · Elliot Hershberg